The invention relates to a vertically lifting type antifreeze solution spraying device and a use method thereof and belongs to the technical field of mechanical design and control. The invention particularly relates to a technical scheme of an antifreeze solution spraying device which is capable of lifting vertically and can be used for efficiently and uniformly spraying the antifreeze solution onto five inner surfaces of a carriage of a coal train and a use method of the device. The antifreeze solution spraying device is characterized by comprising a support beam, a rotating beam, a verticallifting mechanism, a nozzle turning mechanism, a nozzle base assembly, an angular displacement sensing mechanism, a pipeline system and a control system. The antifreeze solution spraying device can uniformly spray the antifreeze solution onto the inner walls of the carriage in all directions, but stops spraying the antifreeze solution onto the clearances between carriages. When a high-altitude device, a head end and a maintenance car pass by, the whole antifreeze solution spraying device is lifted up vertically and stops spraying the antifreeze solution. The parameters, such as nozzle type, quantity, rotating speed, rotating direction and the like, can be automatically adjusted according to the conditions such as the indentified carriage position, moving direction, moving speed, ambient temperature and the like, thereby promoting the spraying effect, the spraying efficiency and the use ratio of the antifreeze solution.