The invention provides a source array method based detection method of grouting quality of a bridge prestressed pipeline. According to the detection method, a hammer source and a Chirp source are effectively combined together, advantages of the hammer source and the Chirp source are sufficiently played, meanwhile, disadvantages of the hammer source and the Chirp source are effectively avoided, so that the position of a first-motion wave can be accurately determined, an elastic wave field graph with high resolution can be obtained, and the grouting quality of a bridge prestressed pipeline can be accurately detected; the detection method further has the advantages as follows: the detection result is more accurate, the detection efficiency is high, requirements for the environment are low, the capacity of resisting disturbance is high, and the detection method can be used under the condition of absence of intensive vibration and impact; and besides, the operation is safe, and the detection method is harmless to human beings.