The invention provides a fluorescent probe for distinguishing and detecting Cys / Hcy and GSH, its preparation method and application. The Chinese name of the fluorescent probe is 10‑(diethylamino)‑3‑((7‑nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol‑4‑yl)oxy)‑ 5,6‑Dihydrobenzo[c]xanthene12ium, named NBD‑O‑1. The invention provides a method for the detection of Cys / Hcy and GSH by fluorescent probe NBD-O-1, which is prepared in PBS (pH 7.4, containing 20% CH 3 CN, v / v) solution, the qualitative distinction of Cys / Hcy and GSH by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectrometers is not interfered by common amino acids. More importantly, the probe can be applied to the detection of Cys / Hcy and GSH in animals and plants, and the detection process is simple, sensitive and rapid, and the detection result is accurate.