The invention provides an active distribution network voltage drop simulation and evaluation method. The method comprises the steps that 1, the existing distribution network analysis software is used to build a model, and network flow is calculated; 2, through two-point method sampling, distribution network fault data and distributed power supply capacity data are produced, and a simulation scheme is determined; 3, simulation calculation is carried out, and expectation, variance, a three order central moment, a probability density function f(xi) and an SARFIx index of each node voltage drop are calculated; 4, a Monte Carlo method is used to calculate a probability density function f(xi) MC and an SARFI'x index of each node voltage drop amplitude; 5, the f(xi) and the f(xi) MC are compared, and the SARFIx index and the SARFI'x index are compared; and 6, if a comparing requirement is not met, returning to the step of 2 is carried out. Compared with the existing technology, the active distribution network voltage drop simulation and evaluation method provided by the invention has the advantages that various short circuit faults in a power distribution network are comprehensively considered; the method can adapt to power distribution networks of various wiring modes; and the calculation efficiency is high.