The invention provides a method for constructing a deep convolution neural network model, belonging to the field of mode recognition and machine learning. The method comprises the steps of (1) initializing a convolution neural network model, (2) carrying out end-to-end global extension learning on a network until the average error of a convolution neural network system reaches a preset expected value, (3) after global extension, using a cross validation sample to evaluate network performance, and carrying out local extension learning on the network if a recognition rate does not reach the expected value, (4) adding a new incremental end-to-end extension learning branch, realizing the incremental expansion learning of a network structure, and finally realizing the model construction of the deep convolution neural network. According to the method, a neural element can be added according to needs according to a condition of participating in training samples, the extension expansion and incremental expansion of the network structure are realized, the relevance between a data sample and the network model is enhanced, and the network structure adaptive incremental learning is realized.