The invention provides a differential mechanism shell and gear assembly, which comprises a shell, wherein the periphery of the shell is provided with a transmission gear in a sleeving mode, the periphery of the shell is provided with an external spline, the wall of a center hole of the transmission gear is provided with an internal spline, and the external spline and the internal spline form a spline connection structure for limiting circumferential rotation of the transmission gear relative to the shell; the periphery of the shell is further provided with a flange, the flange is arranged on one side of the external spline and connected with the side surface of the transmission gear in an abutting mode; the side, which is close to the flange, of the external spline is lower than the side,which is away from the flange, of the external spline, the distance L1 between the side surface of the side, which is away from the flange, of the external spline and the flange is greater than the hub width L2 of the transmission gear, and the external spline and the flange jointly act to limit axial movement of the transmission gear relative to the shell. According to the invention, through thearrangement of spline connection and cooperative use of the external spline and the flange, the existing bolt connection mode is replaced, the processing procedures are reduced, the cost and the assembly weight are reduced, and the actual meshing precision of the gear is improved through gear grinding after spline connection.