The invention provides a high-voltage module for a power electronic traction transformer, and the high-voltage module comprises: an insulating housing, wherein the upper, lower, left and right surfaces of the insulating housing are all closed, at least one part of the rear surface is an open surface, and the outer side edges of the front surface and the rear surface are respectively provided witha concentric-square-shaped groove structure; an internal frequency conversion machine core, wherein the internal frequency conversion machine core and the insulating shell are of a nested structure, and the internal frequency conversion module at least comprises a water-cooling heat dissipation assembly, an IGBT assembly, a busbar, a driving assembly, a direct-current capacitor, a control part anda water-electricity integrated rapid plug-pull connector, the water-electricity integrated rapid plug-pull connector is led out from the rear surface, the water-cooling heat dissipation assembly is located in the middle of the high-voltage module and divides high-voltage module into a left area and a right area, cascade side high-voltage IGBTs and inversion side high-voltage IGBTs in the IGBT assembly are arranged on the two sides of the water-cooling heat dissipation assembly respectively, and the IGBT assembly, the busbar and the IGBT driving assembly are sequentially arranged outwards fromthe left side to the right side of the water-cooling heat dissipation assembly.