Method for quantification by Raman spectrometry. This method comprises: - the measurement (
TON), in the presence of an
excitation beam, of values S3(λ) and S4(λ), at a
wavelength λ, respectively, of optical signals S3 and S4 measured with polarization directions, respectively, parallel and perpendicular to a predetermined direction; - the measurement (TOFF), in the absence of the
excitation beam, of values S1(λ) and S2(λ), at a
wavelength λ, respectively, of optical signals S1 and S2 measured with polarization directions, respectively, parallel and perpendicular to the predetermined direction; and - the determination (230) of a quantity of a gaseous component present inside a
containment building of a
nuclear reactor, from a difference [(S3(λ) / t3 – S1(λ) / t1] and a difference [S4(λ) / t4 – S2(λ) / t2], where t1, t2, t3 and t4 are the durations of
time windows during which the signals S1, S2, S3 and S4 are measured. Fig. 5