The invention discloses a decentralized treatment device adapted to domestic sewage discharge characteristics. The decentralized treatment device comprises a contact oxidation tank, a sedimentation tank, a descending vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland, an aeration oxygenation tank and other treatment units, as well as pipeline equipment, a control valve, an aeration assembly and a control device. The treatment device has high biotechnology efficiency and ecological technology stability, and has a good removal effect on organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus; the treatment device iscompact in structure and reasonable in the layout of purification units, and can greatly reduce the influence of temperature on biological and ecological processes; and based on the control device, the treatment device can adapt to sewage discharge, delay wetland blockage, and reduce operation cost and management difficulty. The treatment device is of a cylindrical structure in appearance, smallin occupied area, convenient to install, low in cost and suitable for treatment of decentralized domestic sewage in rural areas, tourist spots and the like.