The invention discloses an electrowetting zoom lens based on ion liquid, comprising a cylindrical shell, a metal electrode, a transparent electrode, an insulating membrane, a hydrophobic membrane, a glass top cover, a glass bottom cover, conducting liquid and filling liquid, wherein the conducting liquid can be one or two or combination of a plurality of ion liquids. Beside having the advantages of general zoom liquid lenses, the electrowetting zoom lens based on ion liquid further has the advantages of lower voltage required for implementing focusing, capability of regulating focal length change range through changing the type of the ion liquid, capability of adapting to drastic change of external temperature, and extreme conditions, such as low temperature, high temperature and the like, capability of being applied to near-infrared imaging and the like.