64 results about "Pulse intensity" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of health monitoring of an electric energy supply system, and discloses a product appearance defect detection method based on machine vision, which comprises the following steps: acquiring original image data from a controlled loop entity, and calculating a local structure tensor matrix of a sampling point; determining a dominant texture direction through intrinsic decomposition operation, extracting a tensor trace sequence along the direction, and calculating a space axis change rate so as to identify a non-stationary pulse; adjusting the gain weight of a projection operator according to the pulse intensity, completing the orthogonal projection transformation under the constraint of the texture direction, generating a deviation response diagram, and outputting an alarm signal, and achieving the physical separation of the background texture and the same-direction deviation signal through the tensor energy flow evolution analysis. The problem of feature coupling masking in appearance detection of the current-carrying loop entity is solved, and the physical damage detection sensitivity of the electric energy supply loop entity is enhanced.

The invention provides a heterojunction-based multi-mode photoelectric synapse device and a preparation method thereof. The heterojunction-based multi-mode photoelectric synapse device comprises a bottom electrode, a memristive functional layer, a photosensitive layer and a top electrode which are stacked in sequence, the memristive functional layer comprises metal oxide rich in oxygen vacancies and is provided with a micro-nano structure surface; the photosensitive layer covers the surface of the micro-nano structure of the memristive function layer, and forms a heterojunction interface with the memristive function layer; the oxygen vacancies and the heterojunction interface act synergistically, so that the device can respond to changes of optical signals, ambient temperature and ambient oxygen partial pressure at the same time, and the optical pulse intensity and the optical response current generated by the device have a non-linear relationship. Through cooperative regulation and control of an oxygen vacancy and a heterojunction interface, the device can respond to changes of an optical signal, environment temperature and environment oxygen partial pressure at the same time, a non-linear relation exists between optical pulse intensity and optical response current generated by the device, and then the function of integrating multi-mode sensing and sensing storage calculation is achieved.

Various example of the present disclosure provide sensing apparatuses configured for wearable and wireless use for deep tissue physiological monitoring. The sensing apparatuses may be embodied by a thin flexible patch configured to conform with a skin surface of a subject. A sensing apparatus may include a plurality of microneedles oriented to extend towards and penetrate into the subject to a shallow depth. The microneedles may be configured as waveguides for a given sensing modality (e.g., light, ultrasound), such that sensing wave signals propagate to deep tissues. For the sensing, the sensing apparatus includes waveform generators (e.g., light-emitted diodes) and waveform detectors (e.g., photodiodes). Machine learning models may be used to process and denoise sampled data from the waveform detectors and to generate accurate and reliable physiological measurements, including heart rate, respiratory rate, pulse intensity, respiratory intensity, blood oximetry, tissue oximetry, blood flow rate, and / or the like.

A photometric process measurement arrangement and a photometric measurement method The invention refers to a photometric process measurement arrangement (10) comprising a photometric immersion probe (20) comprising a photometer flashlight source (61) for providing photometric light impulses, a photometric detector arrangement (70) comprising a separate wavelength-selective detection element (71, 72, 73), and a photometer control (80) controlling the photometer flashlight source (61) and the detector arrangement (70), The photometer control (80) comprises: An impulse signal integrator (819, 829, 839) for integrating the electric impulses having the impulse intensity (Ui) generated by the detection element (71, 72, 73) of one impulse integration cycle (204; 221; 264), a measurement cycle control (90) for adapting the total number of 20 integrated cycle impulses of an impulse integration cycle (204;221;264) to the impulse intensity (Ui) of the single electric impulses, an A / D-converter (81, 82, 83) for converting the voltage of the impulse signal integrator (819, 829, 839) in an optional compulsory A / D conversion interval (100) after the impulse integration cycle (204;221;264), and an A / D-conversion management module (150) for balancing the total number of A / D conversion intervals (100-111) within a time frame (F), whereas the number of supplementary A / D conversion intervals (101-111) after the compulsory A / D conversion interval (100) depends on the length of the corresponding impulse integration cycle (204; 221; 264).

The invention discloses a satellite switching method and device, equipment, a storage medium and a program product. The method comprises the following steps: performing communication quality prediction based on historical communication index data, reflected pulse intensity data and spatial position data, and determining predicted communication quality data; and performing communication demand analysis based on the communication service parameters of the user satellite communication equipment, and determining communication demand data. And matching at least one target satellite from the plurality of satellites to be selected based on the communication demand data and the predicted communication quality data. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the continuity and stability of communication connection of a user in a satellite communication process are fully guaranteed, and the problem of lagging or interruption in real-time communication services such as satellite communication is effectively avoided. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, satellite switching can be flexibly adjusted and formulated according to the current service demand of the user, smooth and stable execution of the service is ensured, and the user experience is effectively improved.

The invention provides a sound wave and low-frequency pulse collaborative sleep-aiding oxygen cabin control method, which comprises the following steps of: setting a basic period stage of an oxygen cabin on the basis of a superdaily rhythm of a human body sleep period, and determining a core physiological target of the basic period stage; respectively carrying out time sequence matching of low-frequency pulse, sound wave stimulation and oxygen supply pressurization; carrying out nerve conduction path matching and organ response space-time synchronization based on the corresponding organ nerve induction partitions; establishing a fuzzy control model, performing multi-parameter real-time detection, and dynamically adjusting modal parameters according to monitoring data of human body physiological indexes; setting a pulse intensity upper limit, a sound wave decibel upper limit, an oxygen concentration upper limit and a single pressurization duration, and executing oxygen cabin operation control according to the modal parameters. The method has the advantages in physiological adaptation, collaborative accuracy, individual adaptation and safety guarantee, fits the electroencephalogram and physiological law of natural sleep, and improves the sleep continuity.

An illustrative transmitter can achieve improvement in SN ratio and stability of the signal output under control at the transmission side, even in the case of an optical transmission line having the propagation characteristics susceptible to environmental changes. The transmitter includes: an optical transmission section configured to generate weak signal light and reference light from a transmission light pulse, and transmit the signal light and the reference light to the optical transmission line; and a controller configured to modulate pulse intensity and pulse width of the transmission light pulse according to a transmission line state of probe light having propagated through the optical transmission line.

The invention provides a WAPI access module driver-free access method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring a transient electromagnetic pulse intensity magnitude of a WAPI access module in substation deployment, recording data packet error code position distribution, acquiring an actual distance measurement result of the module and a terminal, and forming a comprehensive monitoring record; identifying an interference area division boundary according to the comprehensive monitoring record, extracting an anti-interference shielding demand level and an anti-interference frequency band coverage range, and obtaining a specific interference intensity magnitude distribution file of the area; according to the thickness partition candidate implementation scheme, identifying the influence degree of the volume increase of the shielding layer on the installation position far away from the communication node, and obtaining a signal path extension risk assessment result; and evaluating the communication delay increase and the signal attenuation degree when the signal path extension risk evaluation result exceeds the drive-free access allowable range, and generating an adjusted shielding layer thickness partition implementation scheme.

A driving device includes a pulse intensity modulation module, a pulse width modulation module, a pulse density modulation module, and a driving module. The pulse intensity modulation module receives an image processing signal related to a pixel and generates a pulse intensity according to the image processing signal. The pulse width modulation module receives the image processing signal and generates a pulse width according to the image processing signal. The pulse density modulation module receives the image processing signal and generates a pulse density according to the image processing signal. The driving module receives the pulse intensity, the pulse width, and the pulse density and generates a driving signal to the pixel according to the pulse intensity, the pulse width, and the pulse density.

The invention provides a non-Gaussian ultrashort pulse-oriented multi-channel feature inversion method and device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a first FROG trace graph, carrying out the multi-channel feature extraction of the first FROG trace graph, and generating a three-channel input feature graph; inputting the three-channel input feature map into an intensity prediction network, outputting a predicted pulse intensity envelope, inputting the first FROG trace map into a phase prediction network, outputting predicted pulse phase distribution, and filtering the predicted pulse intensity envelope and pulse phase distribution to smooth noise; and reconstructing a complex electric field based on the filtered intensity and phase, regenerating to obtain a second FROG trace graph, and calculating an error index between the first FROG trace graph and the second FROG trace graph, the error index comprising an FROG error and an intensity correlation coefficient. According to the invention, the requirement of an advanced ultrafast laser system for high-precision online diagnosis of non-ideal pulses is met, and key technical support is provided for online diagnosis and closed-loop control of the advanced ultrafast laser system.

The application relates to a full-polarization-maintaining fiber femtosecond laser based on a mode-locking starting promotion structure. The laser comprises a nonlinear amplification ring mirror with a double-path gain fiber, can realize continuous adjustment of a phase difference, introduces a nonlinear phase shift related to laser pulse intensity, reduces a mode-locking threshold of the nonlinear amplification ring mirror laser, improves self-starting mode-locking capability of the laser, and outputs high-power and high-stability ultrashort pulses; a non-reciprocal phase shift element introduces a linear phase shift bias for clockwise and counterclockwise propagation pulses; a linear arm introduces an optical element with a dispersion compensation function, ensures compactness of the oscillator, is used for outputting pulses, simultaneously provides seed pulse pre-chirp management for subsequent higher-power amplification, and realizes flat wide spectrum. The laser adopts a full-polarization-maintaining fiber structure, has good self-starting mode-locking characteristics, is beneficial to pulse filtering and shaping, and simultaneously has the advantages of compact structure, good stability, high damage threshold, high output power and low noise.

The application discloses a continuous variable quantum key distribution method based on an inner modulation pulse light source, which comprises the following steps: a sending end provides signal light and local light to a receiving end, or the sending end provides signal light to the receiving end, and the receiving end provides local light; the receiving end interferes the signal light and the local light, and extracts a component with channel noise and initial data from the interference result; and the receiving end processes the component with channel noise and the initial data to obtain amplitude modulation information related to the channel noise, namely, an initial key. The application makes full use of the random phase difference between the front and rear pulses generated by the inner modulation pulse light source, and makes the detection result independent of the phase difference, without any phase feedback and compensation, and the modulation mode is simpler; higher light pulse extinction ratio and light pulse intensity can be obtained, so that the transmission distance is farther, and the detection efficiency is higher; the high complexity double light source frequency locking technology can be avoided, and the system complexity is reduced.

This invention provides a method, system, and storage medium for rapid oscillation start-up of an overtone crystal. The method involves acquiring an oscillation signal as excitation parameter information and comparing it with a preset first threshold group. If any parameter fails to meet the requirements, a pre-adjustment of the oscillation signal is performed until all parameters meet the requirements, triggering a first conversion command. In response to this command, based on the comparison result of the slope deviation of the rising slope within adjacent detection cycles with a second threshold, the pulse intensity is increased or the pulse interval is shortened to strengthen the excitation when the deviation exceeds the standard. When the deviation meets the standard, a second conversion command is output and phase noise is extracted. The phase noise is compared with a third threshold. If the phase noise does not meet the standard, the excitation voltage is slightly increased to suppress the noise. When the phase noise meets the standard, the excitation voltage is gradually decreased until the phase noise recovers, at which point an oscillation start-up completion command is output. This achieves rapid oscillation start-up of the overtone crystal while ensuring the frequency stability and steady-state power consumption of the oscillation signal.

The present invention discloses a neuron circuit for time coding, comprising a resistor R1, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, and a memristor IMT. The resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 form a charging loop, denoted as a CL loop; the capacitor C1 and the memristor IMT form a DL loop; when a pulse input comes in, it first passes through the CL loop and enters the charging link; in the link where a current spike is generated, when the CL loop makes the potential of two points greater than the threshold voltage V of the memristor, the pulse is charged. th When the current flowing through capacitor C2 suddenly increases, a current spike occurs. Each pulse intensity corresponds to a current spike duration, and each current spike duration corresponds to an analog value. By encoding each current spike duration, a time encoding function is implemented. This circuit can implement time encoding based on the threshold transition characteristics and switching action of the memristor switch, fully utilizing the inherent characteristics of the memristor device and greatly simplifying the circuit design.

The invention discloses a partial discharge light pulse intensity measurement system and method, and the system is characterized in that a light detection module is used for capturing a light signal generated in a partial discharge process, and converting the light signal into an electric signal; the optical signal synchronization module is used for receiving and recording the electric pulse signals transmitted by the two optical detectors and judging whether the two electric pulse signals belong to the same discharge event or not; the data processing module is used for substituting the data characteristics, recorded in the optical signal synchronization module, of the two electric pulse signals in the same discharge event into a photon number calculation model to calculate the number of photons; according to the invention, the accuracy of light intensity measurement is high, the influence of overexposure is avoided, and the resolution of the optical detector is not limited.

The invention belongs to the technical field of rotating speed measurement, aims to solve the problems that a tachometer in a traditional electromagnetic pulse principle form is easily interfered by strong electromagnetic interference and metal burrs, and a pulse intensity threshold value is interfered by empirical human factors, and discloses a tachometer based on optics and a measurement method thereof. The tachometer comprises a laser transmitter, an optical signal receiving device and a photoelectric signal conversion assembly, the optical signal receiving device and the photoelectric signal conversion assembly are connected through an optical fiber, the laser transmitter is arranged below the optical signal receiving device, and the laser transmitter is arranged towards a gear and continuously emits laser to the surface of the gear; according to the method, the tachometer is used for rotating speed measurement. The number of the concave and convex parts of the gear is judged through the optical signal assembly, the optical signal receiving device adopts black to shield stray light interference in other directions, off-field interference can be effectively restrained, and the uniqueness of an optical path can also solve interference hindered by irregular objects in an optical field.

Laser processing processes, the steps include: Irradiating a planar object (1) to be processed with laser light (L) with a first pulse waveform, while a convergence point (P) within the object (1) is localized at a first position separated by a first distance in a thickness direction of the object (1) from a laser light entry surface of the object (1) in order to form a first modified region (131) such that it becomes a cutting start point within the object (1) along a line (5) for cutting the object (1); Irradiating the object (1) with laser light (L) with a second pulse waveform, while a convergence point (P) within the object (1) is localized at a second position separated from the laser light entry surface by a second distance in the thickness direction of the object (1) in order to form a second modified region (132) such that it becomes a cutting start point within the object (1) along the line (5) to be cut, where the impulse waveform describes a relationship between impulse intensity and time, and wherein a degree of distortion of the first impulse waveform and a degree of distortion of the second impulse waveform differ from each other, and at least one of the first impulse waveform and the second impulse waveform has a peak position with a leading or lagging impulse waveform relative to a standard impulse waveform.

Method for producing a micromechanical component (1) with a substrate (3) and with a cap (7) connected to the substrate (3) and enclosing a first cavity (5) with the substrate (3), wherein a first pressure prevails in the first cavity (5) and a first gas mixture with a first chemical composition is enclosed, wherein -- in a first method step (101), an access opening (11) connecting the first cavity (5) to an environment (9) of the micromechanical component (1) is formed in the substrate (3) or in the cap (7), wherein -- in a second method step (102), the first pressure and / or the first chemical composition in the first cavern (5) is adjusted, wherein -- in a third method step (103), the access opening (11) is closed by introducing energy or heat into an absorbing part of the substrate (3) or the cap (7) using a laser, wherein the introduction of the energy or heat is controlled by means of a laser beam (1005) comprising a spatial laser pulse extension (1001) extending essentially along a surface (1011) of the substrate (3) or the cap (7) facing away from the first cavity (5) and extending essentially parallel to a main extension plane (100) of the substrate (3) and a laser pulse intensity (1003) for reducing residual stresses in the substrate (3) or in the cap (7), wherein the introduction of the energy or heat is controlled by means of the laser beam (1005) such that the laser pulse extension (1001) comprises a first laser pulse extension region (1007) with at least a first laser pulse intensity and a second laser pulse extension region (1009) with at least a second laser pulse intensity,wherein a projection of the first laser pulse extension region (1007) onto the main extension plane (100) and a projection of the access opening (11) onto the main extension plane (100) at least partially overlap, characterized in that the introduction of the energy or heat is controlled by means of the laser beam (1005) such that the second laser pulse extension region (1009) comprises a first sub-region (1013) and a second sub-region (1015), wherein a projection of the first sub-region (1013) onto the main extension plane (100) and a projection of the second sub-region (1015) onto the main extension plane (100) are spaced apart from one another.

The invention relates to the technical field of high-frequency pressure pulse test devices, in particular to a knocking-based adjustable high-frequency pressure pulse output device and a control method. The detonation device is characterized by comprising a fuel gas mixing device, a detonation pipe and a detonation pipe collecting device, the fuel gas mixing device is arranged at the front end of the detonation pipe, the detonation pipe collecting device is arranged at the rear end of the detonation pipe, and a pressure relief device is further arranged at an outlet of the detonation pipe collecting device. The fuel gas mixing device is connected with the gas filling control system and the time sequence control module, and an electric spark generator is arranged on the fuel gas mixing device; a fuel gas mixing device is adopted for filling gas into a plurality of detonation pipes at the same time, each detonation pipe is provided with an independent ignition source, and the ignition time sequence is controlled by a time sequence control module in a unified mode. A detonation gathering device is adopted, and the structure can achieve pressure pulse output through a single tube. A delay control module and an electromagnetic valve group are adopted to control the gas filling time, and the pulse intensity is adjustable under the assistance of a pressure relief device.

This invention discloses a muscle stimulation modulation system and method based on real-time dynamic optimization, comprising: a real-time signal acquisition module for continuously acquiring multimodal physiological signals of the target limb, including at least electromyography (EMG) signals, joint kinematic angle signals, and neural electrical signals; a state assessment and prediction module for calculating real-time human state indicators based on the multimodal physiological signals, fusing historical state data, and generating future state trend prediction information through a time series prediction model; and a dynamic parameter optimization module for solving the optimal combination of stimulation parameters for the neuromuscular stimulator in real-time using an embedded optimization algorithm, based on the real-time human state indicators and state trend prediction information, with minimizing the objective function as the core. The stimulation parameter combination includes stimulation pulse intensity, frequency sequence, and waveform duty cycle. This invention enables better muscle stimulation modulation.

The invention relates to quantum key distribution, in particular to a space-based quantum key distribution system and a QKD transmitter, the space-based quantum key distribution system takes an FPGA as a control core and comprises an electronic module and an optical module, and the electronic module is responsible for converting key information provided by a QKD processor into a modulation signal and realizing dynamic coding of a quantum state; the optical module encodes a quantum state under the action of the modulation signal, regulates and controls the quantum pulse intensity to a single photon level, and finally outputs the quantum pulse intensity to a laser communication terminal of a satellite platform to be transmitted to an optical ground station; the optical ground station comprises an uplink system and a downlink system, the uplink system provides a stable and reliable beacon for the satellite platform, and the downlink system dynamically detects and compensates wavefront distortion based on a high-frequency closed-loop wavefront correction mechanism, counteracts the influence of atmospheric disturbance on light beam quality in real time and performs single-mode optical fiber coupling; according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the defect that space-based quantum key distribution is difficult to accurately and efficiently carry out can be effectively overcome.

The present application relates to a kind of intelligent compression hemostasis device after femoral artery puncture, including probe, wristwatch is formed by using steel band to connect the both ends of probe, probe is buckled on dorsum pedis pulse, generates electric signal into the signal acquisition module of intelligent control system, after amplification by signal acquisition module, it is transferred to analysis module and is converted into pressure change wave, the average peak value of a period of pressure change wave is selected to obtain pressure value input control module, pressure value is converted into motor rotation turns, motor controls screw rod in and out screw sleeve, screw rod lower end is connected with pressing head, the pressing head includes silica gel sleeve connected with screw rod and lower pressing plate.According to the lowest sustained beat of dorsum pedis pulse Intensity guarantee lower limb blood supply condition is good, again under this premise, obtain the best compression hemostasis Intensity, can obtain the best compression hemostasis effect, and in the process of compression hemostasis, according to the physical sign of patient, dynamic best compression hemostasis effect is obtained by continuous adjustment.

The invention discloses a refraction type pulse radiation detector based on multi-wavelength compensation and a dynamic range expansion method thereof, and solves the problems that when ray pulse intensity input by an existing refraction type pulse radiation detector is high, a large phase difference is generated between signal light and reference light, an output signal of an interferometer is reduced when reaching a certain value, and the dynamic range of the refraction type pulse radiation detector is influenced. The problem that the measurement dynamic range of the refraction type pulse radiation detector is limited due to the fact that the external output is not increased continuously is solved. The number of paths of probe light is reasonably designed, a plurality of interferometers with complementary linear intervals can be obtained, the dynamic range limitation of a single-path interferometer is broken through, the dynamic range of the refraction type pulse radiation detector is effectively expanded, meanwhile, the advantages of the single-path refraction interferometer are reserved, namely, the picosecond-order intrinsic time resolution is achieved, and the detection precision is improved. Meanwhile, pulse signals can be transmitted remotely, the front end is full-optical, and the anti-electromagnetic interference capability is high.

The application discloses a one-stop extraction column parameter calculation and visualization method, relates to the technical field of extraction columns, and comprises the following steps: acquiring extraction column working condition parameters, calculating core parameters through an embedded hydraulic model; presetting a pulse intensity range and generating discrete simulation points, fitting two trend curves; positioning a current working condition point and superimposing and drawing curves and the working condition point on the same interface, and synchronously marking an efficient area and a flooding critical line; the efficient area is an optimal interval with a liquid drop average diameter of 0.1-0.5 mm and a residence rate of 0.2-0.4, and the flooding critical line is a pulse intensity safety boundary; the working condition and the trend are synchronously visualized, engineers can quickly judge the pros and cons of the working condition and the safety state, an intuitive basis is provided for experiment debugging and engineering design, and the efficiency is improved.

The invention provides an optical fiber laser pulse string generation and amplification integrated module. The module sequentially comprises a pulse seed unit, a pulse frequency-selecting shaping unit and a pulse string amplification unit from an input end to an output end along a signal transmission light path, wherein the pulse seed unit is used for generating a MHz-magnitude high-repetition-frequency original pulse and pre-amplifying the MHz-magnitude high-repetition-frequency original pulse to obtain a first pulse string; the pulse frequency selection shaping unit is used for performing pulse frequency pickup and stepped intensity modulation processing on the first pulse string to obtain a second pulse string; the pulse string amplification unit is used for performing main amplification processing on the second pulse string so as to output a third pulse string with consistent sub-pulse intensity; the stable pulse source is provided through the pulse seed unit, meanwhile, by means of step-shaped modulation of the frequency selection shaping unit, reverse compensation of'front-strong and rear-weak 'of sub-pulses and flexible regulation and control of pulse parameters during main amplification are achieved at a stroke, then efficient power increasing of the pulse string amplification unit is guaranteed, and finally stable output of the uniform-strength high-repetition-frequency pulse string is achieved.

The present invention discloses synchronous pumping of a harmonically mode-locked fiber laser and a mid-infrared picosecond optical parametric oscillator. The mid-infrared picosecond optical parametric oscillator includes a pump source, a quarter-wave plate, a half-wave plate, and a polarization beam splitter for controlling the pump power, all arranged on the same horizontal line. The polarization beam splitter and a high-reflection mirror are arranged on the same vertical line. The high-reflection mirror, a first plano-convex lens, a first plano-concave mirror, an MgO:PPLN crystal, a second plano-concave mirror, a second plano-convex mirror, a reflector, and a beam splitter are also arranged on the same horizontal line. The synchronous pumping of a harmonically mode-locked fiber laser includes a pump source, which includes a harmonically mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser and a MOPA amplifier. The present invention achieves low average dispersion and high average nonlinearity in the fiber laser, enabling high signal-to-noise ratio and high stability of harmonically mode-locked laser output, overcoming the technical biases of uneven pulse intensity and low signal-to-noise ratio in traditional mid-infrared tunable ultrafast laser output.

This invention provides a non-invasive stimulation device based on acoustic field modulation using a concave fiber bundle. The device comprises a pulsed laser module, a laser modulation control module, a multi-channel concave fiber bundle, and a photoacoustic transducer coating. The pulsed laser, after processing by the modulation module, is input into the fiber bundle. Its output end is concave, and the photoacoustic transducer coating on the surface converts the laser into ultrasonic waves. The concave structure achieves initial geometric focusing of the ultrasonic waves, forming the geometric focus of the acoustic field. The modulation module has control channels corresponding one-to-one with the fiber transmission channels, allowing for dual-dimensional control of the emission time delay and pulse intensity of each channel's pulsed laser. This enables hardware-free axial and lateral scanning of the focus; intensity control maximizes the focus sound pressure and minimizes the sidelobe sound pressure. This invention significantly improves sound pressure gain and spatial resolution through the combination of concave fiber bundle geometric focusing and a high-efficiency photoacoustic transducer coating.

The invention relates to the technical field of lasers, and discloses a laser pulse intensity monitoring circuit and method.The circuit comprises an optical signal monitoring circuit, a signal generation circuit, a sampling hold circuit and a control module, the optical signal monitoring circuit generates a to-be-monitored voltage signal based on a to-be-monitored pulse emitted by a pulse laser, and the signal generation circuit generates a to-be-monitored voltage signal based on the to-be-monitored voltage signal; the signal generation circuit generates multiple paths of holding signals according to light emitting signals controlling the pulse laser to generate pulses, the trigger edges of the multiple paths of holding signals sequentially lagging behind the light emitting signals, and the sampling holding circuit is connected with the light signal monitoring circuit and the signal generation circuit. The sampling and holding circuit is used for outputting multiple paths of to-be-sampled voltage signals corresponding to the holding signals according to the to-be-monitored voltage signals and the multiple paths of holding signals, and the control module is connected with the sampling and holding circuit and is used for sequentially sampling the to-be-sampled voltage signals corresponding to the holding signals after the trigger edge of the preset holding signals is monitored; according to the invention, the problem that short pulse signals cannot be sampled due to slow response speed and low sampling rate of the control module can be solved.

A substrate alignment measurement system comprising: an illumination source configured to provide a pulsed radiation beam comprising alternating s and p polarized radiation pulses; a first optical module configured to direct the pulsed radiation beam towards an alignment mark on a substrate; a second optical module configured to receive diffracted radiation from the alignment mark, the second optical module comprising a delay loop configured to provide temporally separated s and p polarized sub-pulses from each received pulse of the diffracted radiation; and a detection system configured to receive the s and p polarized sub-pulses from the second optical module and provide an output indicative of the intensity of each sub-pulse.

Systems and methods are provided that facilitate laser-based spatially-resolved ablation and ionization of a material, with low sample volume and little or no fragmentation. Sub-nanosecond pulses are directed onto a sample with a delay of less than 1 ns. Within an initial 50 fs after the onset of sample irradiation, one of the pulses generates an initial free electron density, and after the initial 50 fs, the other pulse increases the free electron density such that ablation occurs, resulting in an ablation volume having a sub-diffraction-limited lateral area that is smaller than a diffraction-limited 1 / e2 spot size of at least one of the first laser pulse and the second laser pulse, and a depth of less than 1 micron. The pulse intensities are provided such that ablation occurs without substantial analyte fragmentation, facilitating, for example, analysis and identification via mass spectrometry.