35 results about "Oligodendroglial cell" patented technology

Methods for differentiating pluripotent stem cells to neuroectoderm in dynamic suspension culture using small molecule or protein inhibitors of TGFβ / Activin / Nodal signaling and BMP signaling are provided. Also provided are methoc and protocols for differentiating pluripotent stem cells such as human embryonic stem cells first to neuroectoderm, then further to glial progenitor cells, and further to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), and compositions obtained thereby. The methods of the present disclosure reproducibly produce neuroectoderm progenitor cells by day 7 of the differentiation process, glial progenitor cells by day 21 of the differentiation process and OPCs by day 42 of the differentiation process.

Methods for generating human vascular leptomeningeal cells (VLMCs) from human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are provided using chemically-defined culture media that allow for generation of differentiated cells in a 34-day culture protocol. Methods of generating human VLMCs from human pluripotent stem cells using chemically-defined culture media in a 40 day culture protocol are also provided. Culture media, isolated cell populations, and kits are also provided.

Methods of identifying and assays designed to identify at least one biomolecule from a patient are disclosed that comprise: collecting at least one biofluid from a patient, isolating at least one exosome from the biofluid, and identifying at least one biomolecule from the at least one exosome, wherein the at least one biomolecule is bound to the at least one exosome and is locally released from the patient. In some embodiments, the at least one biomolecule comprises a secretory protein, a neurotrophic factor, a growth factor, a cytokine, a chemokine, a pre-toxic molecule, a toxic molecule, or a combination thereof.

The application discloses application of a TAT-MK-ELE polypeptide in preparation of a central nervous system hypoxic disease prevention and treatment drug. In order to simulate the effect of MK-4, the TAT-MK-ELE polypeptide is designed and synthesized, and research proves that the TAT-MK-ELE polypeptide has a protective effect on hypoxic oligodendrocytes, can significantly improve the activity of the hypoxic oligodendrocytes, and can significantly inhibit the expression of proinflammatory factors in the hypoxic oligodendrocytes, thereby providing a reference for clinically preventing and treating central nervous system diseases caused by hypoxia by taking oligodendrocytes as a target.

The present application relates to reducing the adverse effects of oligodendrocyte loss, astrocyte loss, or white matter loss, including age-related oligodendrocyte loss, astrocyte loss, or white matter loss, in the brain of a subject. The present application also relates to rejuvenating glial progenitor cells or their progeny, or enhancing the developmental potential of glial progenitor cells or their progeny.

The present application relates to the use of clemastine in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of depression. The present application first discovered that clemastine has the efficacy of treating depression, and clemastine can effectively alleviate the depression-like phenotype of mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation or lipopolysaccharide by promoting oligodendrocyte myelination.

The invention relates to an antibody which binds to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), an antibody fragment thereof, a hybridoma which produces the antibody or the antibody fragment, a nucleic acid containing a nucleotide sequence which encodes the antibody or the antibody fragment, a transformant cell containing a vector containing the nucleic acid, a method for producing the antibody or the antibody fragment, a composition containing the antibody or the antibody fragment and a method for detecting or measuring an antigen that is present in the brain, a method for diagnosing or treating a brain disease, a method for improving the property of an antibody of accumulating in the brain and a method for increasing the amount of an antibody in the brain which use the antibody or the antibody fragment.

The invention relates to the technical field of biological medicine and polymer targeted delivery, and provides an oligodendrocyte-derived exosome and application thereof in preparation of a medicine for treating traumatic brain injury. Comprising the following steps: separating and culturing primary oligodendroglia cells from brain tissues; placing the maturely cultured oligodendroglia cells in a sugar-free and serum-free culture medium, performing oxygen-glucose deprivation treatment in an anoxic environment, then continuously culturing in a normal sugar-containing culture medium under a normal oxygen condition, and collecting cell culture supernate; and separating the exosome of the oligodendroglia cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation treatment from the supernate by adopting a gradient ultracentrifugation method to obtain the exosome of the oligodendroglia cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation treatment. The exosome derived from the oligodendroglia is applied to preparation of the medicine for treating the traumatic brain injury and has the advantages of being high in targeting performance and good in penetrability, that is, the exosome is used as a natural carrier, the defect that a traditional traumatic brain injury medicine is difficult to penetrate through a blood brain barrier is perfectly overcome, and the exosome can efficiently enter brain tissue and be taken by microglia.

The present application provides a kind of nutritional composition in the application of the product for improving learning, memory and cognitive ability.The nutritional composition includes animal bifidobacterium lactis subsp.CP-9 and 3'-sialyllactose.Animal bifidobacterium lactis subsp.CP-9 and 3'-sialyllactose can synergistically enhance the memory retention ability of the body, reduce the degree of learning and memory errors, and up-regulate the expression of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 coding gene, myelin basic protein coding gene and brain-derived neurotrophic factor coding gene, realize the double regulation of myelin formation and neurotrophic in hippocampus region of brain, synergistically improve the neural plasticity of central nervous system through gut-brain axis pathway, and then double improve the learning, memory and cognitive function of the body from the behavior and molecular level.

Methods for identifying, isolating and enriching neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPC) such as ventricular radial glia, outer radial glia, astrocytes, pre-oligodendrocyte precursor cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, oligodendrocytes, early excitatory neurons, late excitatory neurons, bipotent glial progenitors, and inhibitory neurons are provided. These methods find use in transplantation, to eliminate specific cell subsets, for experimental evaluation, as a source of lineage and cell-specific products, and the like, for example for use in treating human disorders of the central nervous system (CNS).

A method of producing oligodendrocytes recapitulates the major steps of oligodendrocyte differentiation in a significantly shorter time than the 75-95 days required for the previous protocol. The cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN55212-2, induces NSC differentiation and promotes OLIG2+OPC induction. WIN-derived OLIG2+ progenitor cells differentiate into PDGFR α+ OPCs, which are highly migratory, can further differentiate into mature OLs with strong myelination ability. When WIN-derived OPCs were transplanted to the lesion site, the motor ability of spinal cord injury (SCI) mice was significantly improved from the second week after transplantation. Immunostaining results showed that WIN-derived OPCs could differentiate into mature OLs and myelinate injured axons. The method and product have wide applications in the field of cellular therapy, especially for spinal cord injury with remarkable therapeutic effects.

The present inventive concept relates to expression cassettes, vector genomes, and recombinant viral vectors for reprogramming mRNA translation control, more specifically dual-therapeutic expression cassettes for reprogramming oligodendrocytes and / or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to neurons. The present inventive concept further relates to methods of treating central nervous system disorders and conditions using the same.

The invention relates to products and methods for transdifferentiating oligodendrocytes and / or oligodendrocyte precursor cells to neurons. The invention further relates to methods of treating central nervous system disorders and conditions.

The invention relates to products and methods for transdifferentiating oligodendrocytes and / or oligodendrocyte precursor cells to neurons. The invention further relates to methods of treating central nervous system disorders and conditions.

The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a medicine and application thereof. The drug is an exosome (DPSCs-Exos) derived from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs-Exos). The DPSCs-Exos is given after acute cerebral apoplexy, so that sensory movement and cognitive function recovery after cerebral ischemia can be promoted. The DPSCs-Exos can improve ischemia for 45 minutes, and brain tissue injury and neurological function injury of animals after reperfusion for 28 days. The DPSCs-Exos promotes the expression increase of protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT5) in oligodendroglia precursor cells (OPC), inhibits the expression of a differentiation inhibition factor 2 (ID2) through nucleation, promotes the OPCs to proliferate and differentiate into oligodendroglia cells (OL), and promotes the integrity repair of white matter. In addition, DPSCs-Exos can promote proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and promote blood brain barrier repair.

The invention relates to products and methods for transdifferentiating oligodendrocytes and / or oligodendrocyte precursor cells to neurons. The invention further relates to methods of treating central nervous system disorders and conditions.

The invention relates to the field of animal models, in particular to a preparation method of a fast eye movement sleep behavior disorder animal model with cytopathology specificity, which comprises the following steps: injecting adeno-associated virus for inducing neuronal overexpression alpha-synuclein into a capped karyobrain area on the back and the outer side of a non-human tested animal, and injecting the neuron-derived extracellular vesicles or the oligodendroglia-derived extracellular vesicles into the capped karyocerebral region on the back outer side of the non-human tested animal again. The model prepared by the method disclosed by the invention has the disease characteristics of fast eye movement sleep and has the characteristic that Parkinson-like phenotype is transformed. The model disclosed by the invention can be used for researching the etiology and pathological mechanism of transformation of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder to Parkinson's disease or multi-system atrophy and screening prevention and treatment drugs, and has remarkable significance for clinically providing effective drug treatment targets and prevention and treatment means.

The invention provides application of glycopyrronium bromide in preparation of a medicine for treating nervous system diseases, and belongs to the technical field of biological medicines. The research finds that the novel drug glycopyrronium bromide shows a clear and excellent technical effect in the aspect of treating nervous system diseases, on one hand, the glycopyrronium bromide can inhibit the inflammatory response of glial cells by reducing infiltration of central mononuclear macrophages (MDM); on the other hand, differentiation and maturation of oligodendroglia precursor cells (OPCs) into oligodendroglia cells can be effectively promoted, and the effect of promoting myelin sheath regeneration is achieved. Multiple sclerosis is effectively improved through the dual effects of inhibiting glial cell inflammation and promoting myelin regeneration, and the medicine is a candidate medicine with great potential for treating progressive multiple sclerosis (MS).

The present invention relates to compositions for cellular reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells, methods of making human induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells by cellular reprogramming and methods of using reprogramed human induced oligodendrocyte precursor cells for treating disease.

The invention relates to the technical field of neuroscience, in particular to a construction method and application of an animal model for specifically marking a central nervous system myelin sheath. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing Mog-DreERT The mT (loxp) / mG (rox) experimental substance can be used for simultaneously marking OPCs, OLs and myelin sheaths which are differentiated and mature by the OPCs, and existing myelin sheaths before induction; the method comprises the following steps: constructing NG2-CreERT by using a Cre-loxP and Dre-rox double recombinase system; the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing Mog-DreERT The mT (loxp) / mG (rox) transgenic experimental object model can simultaneously mark formed and newly formed myelin sheaths after being induced by tamoxifen, and a novel research tool is provided for realizing multi-dimensional oligodendrocyte lineage tracking and stage-specific gene manipulation.

Methods of identifying and assays designed to identify at least one biomolecule from a patient are disclosed that comprise: collecting at least one biofluid from a patient, isolating at least one exosome from the biofluid, and identifying at least one biomolecule from the at least one exosome, wherein the at least one biomolecule is bound to the at least one exosome and is locally released from the patient. In some embodiments, the at least one biomolecule comprises a secretory protein, a neurotrophic factor, a growth factor, a cytokine, a chemokine, a pre-toxic molecule, a toxic molecule, or a combination thereof.

The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions using RAP, a derivative of RAP, a variant of RAP, or a fragment of RAP to inhibit LRP1, a myelin debris receptor. The methods and compositions involve increasing, promoting, restoring, and / or enhancing differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, myelin protein expression, mature oligodendrocyte marker expression, and / or myelination. The methods and compositions disclosed herein inhibit or block pathological activation of RhoA in OPCs. The methods and compositions also involve alleviating one or more symptoms of MS and treating MS, including slowing or stopping MS progression.

In various aspects and embodiments the invention provides a method of treating multiple sclerosis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle.

This invention provides the use of dicyclohexanone oxaloyl dihydrazone in stroke medications and a stroke medication itself. The use includes the application of dicyclohexanone oxaloyl dihydrazone in the preparation of medications for treating stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. This invention effectively promotes myelin regeneration and neurological function repair in the very early post-stroke period (e.g., within 24 hours) by targeting and regulating the "ceruloplasmin-iron metabolism-myelin regeneration" axis. The specific mechanisms include upregulating ceruloplasmin expression in the brain, enhancing its ferrooxidase activity, promoting iron transport and reuse in the brain, thereby promoting the survival, differentiation, and myelination of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Animal experiments show that stroke model mice exhibit significant improvement in neurological function as early as day 1 after administration, with a faster onset of action than existing technologies. This invention has the advantages of rapid onset of action, clear target, and comprehensive repair effects, and has promising clinical application prospects.

To fully understand the biology of the brain, different cell types need to be distinguished and defined and, to further study them, artificial expression constructs that can label and perturb them need to be identified, in mouse, recombinase driver lines have been used to great effect to label cell populations that share marker gene expression. However, the creation, maintenance, and use of such lines that label cell types with high specificity can be costly, frequently requiring triple transgenic crosses, which yield a low frequency of experimental animals. Artificial expression constructs for modulating gene expression in targeted central nervous system cell types are described. The artificial expression constructs can be used to express synthetic genes or modify gene expression in non-neuronal cells including oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, or endothelial cells.

New uses of populations of motor neural progenitor cells are provided, including reducing reactive astrocytes, reducing glial scars, inhibiting reactive astrocyte-mediated axonal regeneration impairment, neuronal and / or oligodendrocyte death, priming for altering protein factor expression profiles in cerebrospinal fluid, promoting axonal regeneration and / or recovery, reducing demyelination, and promoting remyelination and / or increasing myelin thickness, among others.

Methods of measuring the effects of an intracerebral hemorrhage are disclosed herein and include: acquiring at least one blood, serum, or plasma sample from a patient suffering from intracerebral hemorrhage, utilizing the at least one blood, serum, or plasma sample to isolate at least one neuron-derived extracellular vesicle, at least one oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle, at least one astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle, or a combination thereof to form an extracellular vesicle isolate composition, analyzing the exosome isolate composition to identify at least one surface associated biomarker, wherein the at least one surface biomarker is located on the surface of the at least one neuron-derived extracellular vesicle, at least one oligodendrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle, the at least one astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicle, or the combination thereof, and quantifying the at least one surface biomarker to monitor post-hemorrhage cellular and molecular cascades in the patient.

The present invention generally relates to a method for generating induced oligodendrocyte-lineage cells (induced OLGs) and treatment using such cells. The induced OLGs are useful in cell therapy, in particular for demyelinating diseases.