The invention discloses a rail wear detector, which is composed of a liquid crystal display screen, a driving wheel, a motor, an outer follower wheel, a second supporting pole, an outer metal baffle,a power switch, a top metal baffle, a battery, a second light source, a second camera, a second infrared range sensor, an SD card storage module, a main control board, a first light source, a first infrared range finder, an inner metal baffle, a first camera, a first supporting pole and an inner follower wheel. The rail wear detector is arranged on the rail to move along the rail, the rail head top surface and the rail head side surface of the rail are detected through the first camera, the first infrared range sensor, the second camera and the second infrared range sensor arranged on the railwear detector, the detected data and the detected images are compared with a standard rail, the rail wear degree is determined, and when the rail wear is detected to reach a severe injury degree, aninstrument actively reminds the user.