The invention discloses a method for selecting
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for
phenotype prediction based on feature importance, which comprises the following steps of: performing missing filling on
SNP data, and dividing a sample into a
training set and a
test set before
phenotype-related screening to avoid data leakage; then, by taking the
gene as a unit, fitting phenotypes of the SNPs positioned on the
promoter, the
exon and the
intron by adopting a regression model, calculating correlation coefficients and carrying out multiple inspection correction, and taking a significant correlation
gene as a candidate; selecting one SNP (
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) from each
gene in the candidate genes on the basis of feature importance to form an Important-SNP set; and encoding the set, and inputting the encoded set into a prediction model to obtain a
phenotype prediction result. According to the method, the
feature dimension is remarkably reduced while the prediction accuracy is maintained or improved, and the method has relatively high
interpretability and
engineering availability, is suitable for phenotype prediction of crops, can be used as a core marker for design and optimization of a breeding
chip, and provides efficient and interpretable
technical support for
molecular breeding and
genome selection.