The invention discloses a flue gas treating device capable of synchronously removing sulfur, saltpeter, mercury and dedusting and its method, the flue gas treating device comprises a reactor case, an flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are provided on the reactor case, two parallel porous isolation devices are provided on a vertical direction in the reactor case, the isolation devices divides the inner part into a front chamber, a middle chamber and a rear chamber; a first shutter guide plate is provided at a communication part of the flue gas inlet and the front chamber, a second shutter guide plate is provided at the communication part of the flue gas outlet and the rear chamber, a feed inlet is provided at the top of the reactor case, and is communicated with the front chamber, the middle chamber and the rear chamber; a feed outlet is respectively provided at the bottom of the front chamber, the middle chamber and the rear bottom; and an ammonia gas distribution apparatus is provided in the middle chamber. The flue gas treating device has the advantages of small equipment volume and high treating efficiency, and can reach the flue gas treating effect with characteristics of removing sulfur, saltpeter, mercury and dedusting; has the characteristics of simple structure, energy saving and high efficiency, has advantages of agility, stabilization, high efficiency and low operation cost, and has wide application prospect.