This invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating TGF-beta and/or TGF-betaR gene expression using short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules. This invention also relates to compounds, compositions, and methods useful for modulating the expression and activity of other genes involved in pathways of TGF-beta and/or TGF-betaR gene expression and/or activity by RNA interference (RNAi) using small nucleic acid molecules. In particular, the instant invention features small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA), short interfering RNA (siRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) molecules and methods used to modulate the expression of TGF-beta and/or TGF-betaR genes. Such small nucleic acid molecules are useful, for example, for treating, preventing, inhibiting, or reducing inflammatory, respiratory, autoimmune, and/or proliferative diseases, disorders, conditions, or traits in a cell, subject or organism and any other disease, condition, trait or indication that can respond to the level of TGF-beta and/or TGF-betaR in a cell or tissue; or alternately in providing long term hematopeitic reconstitution in a subject or organism.