The invention discloses a brushless direct current motor direct torque control system and control method, the system includes a photoelectric encoder, a stator current and terminal voltage detection circuit, a speed calculator, a speed error comparator, a speed regulator, and a flux linkage observer , Flux linkage error comparator, flux linkage hysteresis comparator, torque observer, torque error comparator, torque hysteresis comparator, PWM controller and three-phase bridge inverter circuit. The photoelectric encoder collects the position information of the motor rotor, calculates the actual speed according to the rotor position information, calculates the given value of the stator flux linkage according to the rotor position information and the reference torque, and collects the three-phase current and terminal voltage of the stator to calculate the actual electromagnetic torque And the actual stator flux, the PWM controller generates a voltage vector according to the torque error and the flux error, and drives the inverter circuit through the voltage vector to realize the stable operation of the motor. The invention does not need to calculate the flux linkage in real time, simplifies the system program, and improves the control efficiency.