638results about "Secondary air addition to fuel" patented technology

A diffusion driven desalination apparatus and related method includes structure for receiving a heated water stream and creating at least one region having a thin film of water and structure for forcing a low humidity air stream over the thin film of water, wherein water from the thin film of water evaporates and diffuses into the air stream to create a humidified air stream. A diffusion tower including at least one plenum can be used to create and transfer the humidified air stream. At least one condenser, such as a direct contact condenser, condenses the humidified air stream, wherein purified water is produced. Waste heat from a power plant can be used to provide the heated water stream and power plants can use the waste heat generated to inexpensively provide purified water.

An air conditioning system for conditioning the space within an enclosure having at least one inlet and one outlet, the system comprising first and second liquid/air heat exchangers; the first heat exchanger having an opening for receiving fresh air from the environment and for propelling the fresh air through the first heat exchanger to exchange heat with the liquid before it is entered into the enclosure, and the second heat exchanger having an opening for receiving air from the enclosure and for propelling it through the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the liquid before it is expelled into the atmosphere. There are also provided methods for air-conditioning an enclosed space and for evaporation of industrial wastes.

A compressor assembly (304) includes a compressor housing (312) having a main air inlet (324) and an annular wall (328) defining an inducer bore (325). A secondary inlet passage (322) is disposed around the inducer bore (325). The secondary inlet passage (322) has an inlet slot (320) operatively intersecting the inducer bore (325) to permit the entry of a fluid thereinto through an inlet port (327). The inlet slot (320) advantageously defines an augmented inducer diameter region (331). Preferably the secondary inlet passage (322) may be selectively partially or completely isolated from the main air inlet (324). A compressor wheel (318) is located in the compressor housing (312) and has a stepped portion (330) formed by at least one plurality of vanes (238) operatively associated with the augmented inducer diameter region (331) adjacent to the inlet slot (320) of the housing (312) to receive fluid therefrom.

A forced air cooling tower includes an upright casing, and elevated water distribution system disposed in an upper portion of the casing and one or more fans for drawing air through the tower. The tower also includes a catch basin for collecting the cooled air and a pump for circulating the cooled water through a condenser and back to the top of the tower and to the water distribution system. The cooling tower also includes a controller and a variable frequency device for regulating the flow of air through the tower. A first temperature sensor senses the temperature T1 of the hot process water delivered to the water distribution system and a second sensor senses the dry bulb temperature of the air leaving the tower Tdbt2. A third sensor senses the temperature of the cooled water leaving the tower. The controller such as a computer and variable frequency drive controls the speed of the fan to minimize the difference in T1 and Tdbt2. A submaster control prevents the fan speed from being further reduced when a predetermined T2 (temperature of the cooled water) is reached.

The present invention relates to methods for indirect evaporative air-cooling with the use of plates, heat exchangers and feeder wicks—of the indirect evaporative type. Several components for an indirect evaporative heat exchanger described as follows: A plate for an indirect evaporative heat exchanger where the plate is made of laminate material having one sheet of wicking material for wet zone(s) and the other of a water proof plastic material for the dry zone(s). An evaporative heat exchanger is created by assembling the plates forming spacing for wet channels, (they are created by the wet zone of the plates,) and dry channels, (they are created by the dry zone of the plates,) with channel guides or corrugated plates. The spacing between the plates is defined to reduce pressure drop for increased airflow. A feeder wick system creates the wetting of the wet channels without excess water. Sometimes the wet zone of the plate can be made of a membrane material where the opposite side of this membrane material is covered by a solid desiccant creating the wet zone of this desiccant plate. An indirect evaporative heat exchanger that is created by assembling both wick coated with plastic plates and desiccant plates, can realize not only the evaporative cooling but also the dehumidification of air.

An improved method and apparatus for indirect evaporative cooling of a fluid stream to substantially its dew point temperature. Plate heat exchanger has perforations 11 and channels 3, 4 and 5 for gas or a low temperature for liquids on a dry side and wet side. Fluid streams 1 flow across the dry side 9, transferring heat to the plate. Gas stream 2 flows across the dry side and through perforations to channels 5 on wet side 10, which it then cools by evaporative cooling as well as conductive and radiative transfer of heat from plate. A wicking material provides wetting of wet side. In other embodiments, a desiccant wheel may be used to dehumidify the gas, air streams may be recirculated, feeder wicks 13 and a pump may be used to bring water from a water reservoir, and fans may be used to either force or induce a draft. The wicking material may be cellulose, organic fibers, organic based fibers, polyester, polypropylene, carbon-based fibers, silicon based fibers, fiberglass, or combinations of them. The device may be operated in winter months to scavenge heat from exhaust gases of a space and thus pre-heat fresh air, while simultaneously humidifying the fresh air.

Low emission high performance engines, multiple cylinder engines and operating methods based on compression ignition of a combustion chamber charge already containing at least some fuel and air. Air is injected into the combustion chamber after top dead center is reached to maintain combustion until all fuel is consumed. Various modes of operation are disclosed.

Methods of separating fluids using capillary forces and/or improved conditions for are disclosed. The improved methods may include control of the ratio of gas and liquid Reynolds numbers relative to the Suratman number. Also disclosed are wick-containing, laminated devices that are capable of separating fluids.

To provide an improved swirl forming device in a combustion engine, which is effective to promote a vigorous and massive swirling motion of the charge mixture within the combustion chamber, the swirl forming device includes an auxiliary passage (24) for introducing an auxiliary gas, which may be either air or a charge mixture, into the combustion chamber (9) from a location immediately upstream of the intake port (70) that is selectively opened and closed by the intake valve (10). This auxiliary passage (24) has an open end (25) positioned adjacent the exhaust port (80), such that when viewed from top in a direction conforming to the longitudinal axis (CC) of the cylinder bore (3), the auxiliary gas is introduced in a direction different from the direction (N) normal to the inner peripheral surface (3a) of the cylinder bore (3) to thereby form a swirl (S) along the inner peripheral surface (3a) of the cylinder bore (3).

The present application is directed to a continuous contacting apparatus for separating a liquid component from a liquid mixture. The apparatus comprises: (i) an evaporation chamber (15) having first and second ends, an inlet (50) and an outlet (55) for a carrier gas, and an inlet (30) and an outlet (40) for a liquid mixture, wherein the inlet (30) for the liquid mixture and the outlet (55) of the carrier gas are located on the first end of the evaporation chamber (15); (ii) a dew-formation chamber (20) having an inlet (60) and an outlet (65) for a carrier gas and an outlet for the separable liquid component (80), wherein the inlet for the carrier gas (60) of the dew-formation chamber (20) is situated in a countercurrent manner to the inlet for the carrier gas of the evaporation chamber; (iii) a common heat transfer wall (10) providing thermal communication between the evaporation chamber (15) and the dew-formation chamber (20); (iv) a feeding device for providing the liquid mixture onto the evaporation side of the heat transfer wall; (v) an air mover for controlling a flow of a carrier gas through the chambers, wherein the gas flow in the evaporation chamber is countercurrent to the gas flow in the dew-formation chamber; and (vi) a heating apparatus for heating the carrier gas from the outlet of the evaporation chamber, wherein the heated carrier gas is directed to flow into the inlet of the dew-formation chamber. Also described is a process for separating a liquid component from a liquid mixture in a continuous contacting manner comprising employing such an apparatus for such separation.

An engine is disclosed which may operate in a first operating state wherein a spark ignited fuel is ignited in a combustion chamber with an igniter and a second operating state wherein a compression ignited fuel is ignited in a combustion chamber with an igniter. A compression ratio in the combustion chamber being up to about eight to one. The engine may be a four-stroke engine. The engine may include a piston having a top portion with a recessed central portion.

The invention relates to a spark-ignition engine with a highly structural compression ratio greater than 15:1, throttle regulation, externally supplied ignition and with direct fuel injection into a precombustion chamber, which is connected to the main combustion chamber via an overflow channel. The fuel is injected into the precombustion chamber during the compression stroke and is ignited by a spark plug located in a manner that is as central as possible. The invention relates to a spark-ignition engine with a highly structural compression ratio greater than 15:1, throttle regulation, externally supplied ignition and with direct fuel injection into a precombustion chamber, which is connected to the main combustion chamber via an overflow channel. The fuel is injected into the precombustion chamber during the compression stroke and is ignited by a spark plug located in a manner that is as central as possible.

An internal combustion engine of the present invention features separate compression and expansion cycles. The engine includes a separate compressor device which pressurizes air by a ratio greater than 15 to 1, at least one two stroke combustion cylinder and a compressed air conduit for transferring compressed air from the compressor to the at least one combustion cylinder. An air injection valve injects the compressed air into the combustion cylinder during the second half portion of the return stroke of the combustion cylinder. The compressed air is mixed with fuel and combusted for expansion during a power stroke. In this engine compression occurs only to a minor degree in the combustion cylinder. Accordingly, the compression ratio of the present engine may be significantly higher or lower than the volumetric expansion ratio of the combustion cylinder thus resulting in corresponding increases in either power density or thermodynamic efficiency respectively.

High performance, low emission engines, multiple cylinder engines and operating methods based on compression ignition of a combustion chamber charge. In accordance with the methods, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber after the exhaust valve closes, and air is injected into the combustion cylinder before the end of the compression stroke in an amount to limit the temperature after ignition to less than the temperature at which NO_X forms. After ignition and during the power stroke, more air is injected into the combustion chamber to sustain combustion until all fuel is consumed, the air being injected so as to again limit the combustion temperatures to less than the temperature at which NO_X forms. The air injected during the compression stroke is injected at substantially the same combustion chamber pressure as the air injected during the power stroke, so that air may efficiently be injected from the same pressurized source. The fuel injected into the combustion chamber may be all the fuel needed, or additional fuel may be injected during the power stoke.

A mechanical draft cooling tower includes an air inlet and an air outlet. A liquid spray assembly is provided below the air outlet. A fill shell assembly is provided below the liquid spray assembly such that liquid can be sprayed onto the fill sheet assembly. An indirect heat exchange assembly is mounted beneath the fill sheet assembly. The indirect assembly usually comprises a series of coils through which a fluid to be cooled is circulated. A first air inlet is provided beneath the fill sheet assembly and includes a closing assembly. A second air inlet is provided beneath a top surface of the indirect assembly and includes a closing assembly.