The invention discloses a sewage vacuum discharge and treatment system for marines, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment and discharge devices and comprising a sewage vacuum collection device and a sewage treatment device, wherein the sewage vacuum collection device is closely communicated with the sewage treatment device by a rotor pump assembly and a vacuum discharge pipeline; the sewage treatment is sequentially connected with a crushing pump for collecting and crushing large granular impurities, a grid for filtering suspended matters and impurities, a tank for collecting sewage, a fur collector for removing furs and small granular suspended matters, a bio-membrane reactor and a sterilizing device. The invention adopts a modularized design on the whole, combines flexibly according to the space of the marine body, is particularly suitable for the reconstruction and the improvement of the domestic sewage treatment device for marines, not only saves space and water, has compact arrangement, safety and sanitation as well as easy maintenance, but also decreases the influence of the swing of a marine body on the water quality and has high pollutant degradation efficiency and directly-reused discharged water.