The invention relates to an indoor model test device for testing permeability of a geomembrane and an operation method, the indoor model test device includes a visual monitoring box system, a boundary condition regulation system, a geomembrane fixed adhesive system, a comprehensive measurement system and an information feedback analysis system. A visual monitoring box is used as a main body, toughened glass is used as a material, boundary conditions are controlled by a variable water level water box room, and the geomembrane fixed adhesive system comprising a geomembrane, a water permeation board, a cementing agent, a plugging layer and then like is used for bonding and fixing of the geomembrane. The boundary conditions of working states and paving conditions of the geomembrane can be studied by the indoor model test device for concrete design, the indoor model test device can be used for full-range and multi-level monitoring of pore water osmotic pressure, soil settlement, seepage flow, seepage time, permeability area, water level difference and seepage path length, permeability of a geotextile material can be evaluated and measured, compared with the previous, the indoor model test device is more simple, practical and comprehensive, and has obvious advantages.