The invention discloses a method for realizing multi-core cache consistency verification, which comprises the following steps of: S1, when a core updates a cache line to an M state, checking whether the cache line exists in caches of other cores; s2, when each core updates a cache line to an E state, checking whether the cache line exists in caches of other cores or not; s3, when one core updates the cache line to the S state, checking whether the cache line exists in the caches of other cores, if the state of other cores is S, checking whether the cache line data of the two cores are consistent, and meanwhile, checking whether the cache line data is consistent with the data in the memory; and S4, when one core updates the cache line to the I state, other cores are possible to be in any state, and check is not needed. According to the method and the device, by monitoring the update information of the first-level cache and the second-level cache and checking the data in the memory, the cache can be ensured to comply with an MESI consistency protocol, and meanwhile, the correctness of the data can be ensured.