The invention discloses a thermal-protection material thermal prevention and insulation system, a testing method and a heat treatment method. It can be achieved that a spacecraft thermal-protection material is closer to multi-state thermal prevention and insulation performance testing of a service environment. In the meanwhile, in the preparing process of the thermal-protection material, single-face heat treatment or sintering is conducted, the gradient temperature is formed in the thickness direction, the surface undergoes high temperature, service is stable at high temperature, while the inward temperature is gradually lowered, and both the mechanical property and the thermal insulation performance of the material are improved. As is tested, the overall mechanical property of the material can be improved by around 20%, and the heat conductivity can be lowered by 10% or above. Therefore, by means of the testing system, it can be achieved that the thermal-protection material is closerto the multi-state thermal prevention and insulation performance testing of the service environment, it can also be achieved that in the material preparing process, single-surface high-temperature quick heating is conducted, and the comprehensive performance of the thermal-protection material is improved.