The invention discloses a variable-constitutable compound eye system and a working method, which include a plurality of sequentially connected body segments, the body segment includes an airbag and an airbag bracket, the airbag bracket is arranged outside the airbag, and the airbag is provided with a data acquisition device, the data acquisition device Including ring rack, gear, first drive source, equipment compartment and sub-eye, the ring rack ring is arranged outside the airbag, the first drive source is installed on the top of the equipment compartment and a gear meshed with the ring rack, and the sub-eye is installed on the equipment At the bottom of the cabin, the adjacent body segments are connected by a swing mechanism. The swing mechanism includes a swing base, a swing arm, a first connecting bracket and a second connecting bracket. The swing arm is hinged to the swing base, and the swing base is provided with a driving swing arm. The second driving source of the swing, the first connecting bracket connects the swing base and a body segment, the second connecting bracket connects the swing arm and another body segment, the geometric position relationship between each sub-eye is adjustable, and can adapt to different heights , the needs of image acquisition on different occasions.