The invention relates to a composite probe for polymer space charge distribution measurement and a measurement method thereof. The composite probe comprises a shell and also comprises a signal acquisition aluminum block, a quartz glass block, a piezoelectric ceramic piece, a voltage pulse transmission unit and a signal extraction unit which are fixed by the shell; a conductive material is attachedto an outer surface of the quartz glass block and makes contact with the shell, a positive electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is connected with the voltage pulse transmission unit, a negative electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is connected with the conductive material on the outer surface of the quartz glass block, and the signal acquisition aluminum block is connected with the quartz glass block and the signal extraction unit. Compared with the prior art, signals are extracted from a low-voltage end, and the composite probe has the advantages of safety, reliability, highmeasurement accuracy, small design, convenience in carrying, simplicity in operation, easiness in installation and the like.