The invention discloses a robot handling fixture for an engine cylinder head based on vision, which comprises a fixture body connected to a handling robot body, and a vision system, a detection system and an air control system are arranged on the fixture body; the vision system, the detection system and The air control system is connected with the control system of the handling robot. The invention also discloses a vision-based robot handling system for an engine cylinder head, including a handling robot, a robot control system, a vision system, a detection system, and an air control system. The robot control system controls the handling robot, a vision system, a detection system, and an air control system. Control System The robot handling jig and control system of the present invention can realize the automation and intelligence of cylinder head handling, have high handling efficiency, low production cost, high handling safety, and can meet the rhythm requirements of robot machining.