The application discloses a hand-eye relationship and tool center calibration method for three-dimensional vision guided
robot machining, and adopts a spherical ball as a calibration tool to realize calibration of a tool center. When calibration is performed, one ball is fixed in a camera
field of view, and the other ball is installed at the end of a cylindrical
simulation tool. The end posture of the
robot is changed, the balls collide with each other for multiple times, and the ball center is fitted through acquisition of a spherical
point cloud of the camera at the same time. Based on the
robot posture parameters and the ball center distance parameters, the current tool tip, i.e. the ball center of the end of the cylindrical
simulation tool, and the hand-eye matrix of the three-dimensional vision camera and the robot base coordinate
system are calibrated at the same time. The method can avoid high calibration cost caused by easy wear of a needle tip in a traditional method, reduce tool tip
calibration error caused by non-real alignment of the needle tip, and further efficiently calibrate a high-precision hand-eye relationship. In addition, considering the difference between the length of the cylindrical
simulation tool and the length of the track test needle tip and the length of an actual
machining tool, the tool axis calibration and tool center compensation method can be used to quickly calculate the current tool tip point.