The invention relates to an independent wheel traction hub motor for a railway vehicle. The independent wheel traction hub motor comprises a stator, a rotor, an unequal-width unequal-thickness Halbachaxial annular part segmented permanent magnet array, a rotating shaft and an armature winding, wherein the rotor is installed in the stator, the rotor is fixed on the rotating shaft, the armature winding is installed on the stator, the unequal-width unequal-thickness Halbach axial annular part segmented permanent magnet array is installed on the rotor and located between the rotor and the stator,each magnetic pole is composed of three permanent magnets with the same polarity, and the permanent magnets adopt a Halbach magnetizing mode. The three permanent magnets comprise a main magnetic poleand two boundary magnetic poles, the main magnetic pole is of an axial annular part segmented structure, and the two boundary magnetic poles are located on the two sides of the main magnetic pole andare unequal to the main magnetic pole in width and thickness. The unequal-width unequal-thickness Halbach axial annular part segmented permanent magnet synchronous motor is applied to the interior ofa hub, the harmonic distortion rate of an air gap magnetic field is small, the utilization rate of permanent magnets is high, the torque pulsation is low, and the eddy current loss of the permanent magnets is small.