The invention discloses an internal sequence heterogeneous material topological optimization method specifically comprising the steps of 1, building a finite element model of a design domain, initializing parameters in an algorithm, sorting materials in a descending order according to modulus sizes, and meanwhile setting an outer iteration serial number Nout to be equal to 1, and setting an inner iteration serial number i to be equal to 1; 2, after the step 1, finding an optimal solution for an i-th sub-problem; 3, setting the i to be equal to m, which means that volume constraints of all materials are met, continuing to execute the next step, and entering to the step 4; 4, after the step 3, judging whether to converge; if a convergence condition is met after computing, continuing the step 5; and otherwise, setting the Nout to be equal to Nout+1, and then returning to the step 2; and 5, ending, thus completing optimization. According to the internal sequence heterogeneous material topological optimization method provided by the invention, the phenomenon that a heterogeneous material optimization model is difficult to converge due to an overhigh nonlinear degree can be avoided.