The invention discloses a CORDIC algorithm-based capacitive micro-accelerometer signal detection device. The device comprises a capacitive micro-accelerometer sensor, a charge amplifying module, an analogue-to-digital converter, a field programmable gate array, a first digital-to-analogue converter, an analogue bandpass filter and a second digital-to-analogue converter, wherein the capacitive micro-accelerometer sensor, the charge amplifying module, the analogue-to-digital converter, the field programmable gate array, the first digital-to-analogue converter and the analogue bandpass filter are orderly connected; and the field programmable gate array is also connected with the second digital-to-analogue converter. The CORDIC algorithm-based capacitive micro-accelerometer signal detection device can regulate the phase, the frequency, the amplitude and the like of carrier signals in real time so as to achieve good flexibility, adopts high-frequency carrier modulation to suppress low-frequency noise, such as l / f noise and the like, adopts a digital modulation mode to overcome the defect that an analogue system is easy to be influenced by environmental factors, such as temperature and the like, and can control algorithm accuracy through iteration times and a data word size.