The invention is suitable for the technical field of constructional engineering, and provides a constructional engineering quality detection device which comprises a body. The body is movably connected with a supporting frame, a detection mechanism is arranged on the body and comprises a driving assembly, a transmission assembly and a plurality of first distance measuring instruments, and the transmission assembly is arranged in the body and connected with the driving assembly; the transmission assembly is connected with the first distance measuring instruments, a plane formed by the first distance measuring instruments is parallel to a to-be-measured plane, the rotating assembly drives the body to rotate to level the first distance measuring instruments, and if data, measured by the first distance measuring instruments, of distances between the first distance measuring instruments and the to-be-measured plane are the same, the plane formed by the first distance measuring instruments is parallel to the to-be-measured plane. The first distance measuring instrument is perpendicular to the to-be-detected plane, the driving assembly drives the first distance measuring instrument to rotate through the transmission assembly so as to change the distance measuring angle of the first distance measuring instrument, measured data are compared, the flatness of the to-be-detected plane is obtained, and the advantages of being high in detection efficiency and precision are achieved.