The invention discloses an underwater robot storing and releasing device, and belongs to field of underwater robot auxiliary equipment. The underwater robot storing and releasing device is composed ofa ship body, a first supporting plate, a transmission assembly, a second supporting plate, a separating assembly, a clamp assembly, a ratchet wheel assembly, a base plate, a cable underwater robot, acollecting device and a control plate. The underwater robot storing and releasing device has characteristics that the structure is simple, the efficiency is high, the transmission system is simple, amotor is rarely used, and the error-tolerant rate is low; according to the underwater robot storing and releasing device, the transmission assembly is adopted to be cooperated with a matching track Aand a matching track B in a matched mode, thus the cable underwater robot is lifted from the water bottom to the ship body, sliding movement of a matching hole A and the matching track A is achieved,sliding movement of a matching hole B and the matching track B is achieved, and a stable state is advantageously kept in the process of lifting the cable underwater robot; and the ratchet wheel assembly is matched with using of a ratchet wheel, movement of the transmission assembly can be effectively locked, the damage on the cable underwater robot due to the fact that the device moves too much is prevented, and meanwhile, stability of the device under the stationary state is improved.