382 results about "Cylinder set" patented technology

The invention discloses a laser additive manufacturing equipment and a laser additive manufacturing method of a metal part. The equipment comprises a working cabin, a preset powder laying rapid-forming assembly, a shape follow-up cylinder setting and removing assembly, a machining assembly, a moving mechanism and a control system. Firstly a shape follow-up cylinder slicing layer capable of surrounding the slicing contour of the metal part is arranged on the surface of a substrate by using the shape follow-up cylinder setting and removing assembly, a metal powder layer is paved on the interior of the preset powder laying rapid-forming assembly, and laser selective melting is carried out on powder, so that the formation of a first slicing layer of the metal part is completed; according to accuracy requirement, the formed slicing layer of the metal part can be machined by using the machining assembly; the process of shape follow-up cylinder slicing layer setting, powder paving, laser selective meltingand formation of the slicing layer of the metal part and machining (when necessary) is repeated, and high-precision formation of metal parts with various sizes and structures can be realized at one time; and a shape follow-up cylinder can be conveniently removed by using the shape follow-up cylinder setting and removing assembly after formation.

The invention discloses a device for pressing and combining an inner bottle cap and an outer bottle cap. The device comprises an outer bottle cap sleeving mechanism, a rotary workbench, an inner bottle cap mounting seat, a pressing and combining air cylinder, a base and an air cylinder driving mechanism. The outer bottle cap sleeving mechanism comprises a conveying sliding rod, air ejector pipes, a clamping air cylinder set, a lifting air cylinder, a telescopic air cylinder and a suction cup. The conveying sliding rod is provided with a U-shaped groove, and pipe holes for mounting the air ejector pipes are formed in the two side faces of the sliding rod. The clamping air cylinder set comprises two symmetric clamping air cylinders, and the shape formed by the ends, close to each other, of the two clamping air cylinders corresponds to the outer side edge of the outer bottle cap. The lifting air cylinder comprises a cylinder body and a lifting rod moving on the cylinder body. The telescopic air cylinder comprises a cylinder body and a telescopic rod moving on the cylinder body. The cylinder body of the lifting air cylinder and the cylinder body of the telescopic air cylinder are combined to a whole. The suction cup is fixed on the lower portion of the telescopic rod, and the tail end of the movement stroke of the suction cup is arranged above the tail end of the conveying sliding rod. The technical problem of how to press the outer cap on the inner cap fast to enable the outer cap and the inner cap to be combined is solved.

The present invention is one tyre turning mechanism, and belongs to the field of tyre assembling line machinery. The technological scheme of the present invention is that the tyre turning mechanism includes one turning rack hinged on the machine frame, one cylinder hinged below the machine frame, the piston rod of the cylinder hinged to the front end of the turning rack, parallel roller tracks homogeneously set on the turning rack, and limiting cylinder set in the front end on the turning rack. The tyre turning mechanism is used to turn tyre from horizontal state to vertical state for the manipulator to take conveniently in high work efficiency.

A grooming brush adapted to dispense medicinal or pesticidal powder into the hair or fur of an animal through the action of brushing alone, having a handle and a head, the head having a top, a bottom, and four sides, the fourth of which is integral with the handle. The head is divided into a first and second chamber for storing and dispensing powder, the chambers defined by two partitioning walls. The bottom of the head has a plurality of bristles, an elongate opening which runs the length of the head, and a rotatable cylinder set into the elongate opening, the cylinder having a plurality of shallow depressions and a cog wheel with an circumferential border at approximately the tip of the bristles. When in use, the cog wheel engages the hair of the animal and the cylinder rotates alternatingly within the powder reservoirs and without, thus alternately collecting powder from the reservoirs and depositing it onto the animal.

The invention proposes a compressed hydrogen storage and charging system of a hydrogen refueling station. A compressor is respectively connected with a high-pressure gas storage cylinder, a medium-pressure gas storage cylinder, a low-pressure gas storage cylinder and a direct charging pipeline by control valve pipelines; the high-pressure gas storage cylinder, the medium-pressure gas storage cylinder and the low-pressure gas storage cylinder are respectively connected with a high-pressure gas charging pipeline, a medium-pressure gas charging pipeline and a low-pressure gas charging pipeline by pipelines, and are all connected with a release pipeline by pipelines; a gas inlet side pipeline of the release pipeline is connected with a control valve; pipelines on gas intake sides of the high-pressure gas storage cylinder, the medium-pressure gas storage cylinder and the low-pressure gas storage cylinder are all connected with pressure sensors; and a data controller is in signal connection with the pressure sensors and the compressor. The system has the following beneficial effects: the system not only can charge vehicle-mounted gas storage cylinders of hydrogen fuel vehicles through the gas storage cylinder set, but also can directly charge the vehicle-mounted gas storage cylinders of the hydrogen fuel vehicles so as to realize intelligent control of compressed hydrogen storage and charging of the hydrogen refueling station.

The invention discloses a hydraulic internal moulding vehicle of a prestressed concrete box girder which is used in railways, public roads, city highway bridges, and comprises a composite internal moulding board, a plurality of hydraulic oil cylinder sets, a surge car and a plurality of groups of stay bars, the surge car is arranged inside an inner cavity of the composite internal moulding board, and a top moulding board inside the composite internal moulding board is respectively butt connected with end surfaces of a left moulding board, a right moulding board and a middle moulding board; a telescopic oil cylinder of the top moulding board and telescopic oil cylinders of the left, the right and the middle moulding boards are respectively hinged with the surge car and inner surfaces of the top moulding board and the middle moulding board, and telescopic oil cylinders of the left moulding board, the right moulding board and a lower moulding board are respectively hinged with the lower moulding board and the middle moulding board; the composite internal moulding board is supported by the stay bars after being set up. The invention further provides a hydraulic internal molding system of the prestressed concrete box girder. The middle moulding board of the hydraulic internal moulding vehicle adopts a linear movable demoulding way that is the same with the top moulding board, thus leading the peeling of the moulding board to be easier, the required space for moving the moulding board to be smaller and consequently the moulding board to be easier to pass through prepared holes on an end clapboard of the box girder, and the internal moulding system has stronger adaptive capacity and the arrangement of the hydraulic oil cylinders is more reasonable.

A push-push type fluid pressure actuated motor has one or more radial opposed cylinder sets each having a pair of pistons, a connecting rod, and a Scotch-yoke connection to a crankshaft. An intake rotor valve at one face of the cylinder block and an exhaust rotor valve at an opposite face of the cylinder block are mounted on and rotate with the crankshaft. The rotor valves admit pressurized fluid to the cylinder and allow discharge of spent fluid from the cylinders.

The invention discloses a loading type control system of a lower limb exoskeleton robot. The control system is composed of two identical subsystems. Each subsystem is composed of a signal acquisition device, a microcontroller, a motion actuator and a control algorithm. The lower limb exoskeleton robot is used for providing assistance for the lower limbs of wearers. Each signal acquisition device is composed of a film pressure sensor, a magnetic angle sensor, a multichannel amplifier and a multichannel low-pass filter and can acquire plantar pressure signals of the wearers and ankle angle signals of the lower limb exoskeleton robot. Each motion actuator is composed of a servo driver set and a servo electric cylinder set. The tail end following control algorithm is adopted as the control algorithm. The control system has the advantages of being simple in structure, easy to wear and low in cost.

A stationary exercise apparatus includes a framework, a curved shaft, two oil pressure cylinder sets, and two pedals. The curved shaft has two curved ends and a straight portion located between the two curved ends. The two curved ends are pivoted with the framework such that the two curved ends form a deflection angle of 180 degrees when the curved shaft is driven to turn radially. The two oil pressure cylinder sets are fastened between the framework and the curved ends of the curved shaft for providing the curved shaft with a damping effect. The two pedals are mounted on the straight portion of the curved shaft for driving the curved shaft to turn radially.

An escutcheon assembly for a deadbolt lock on a door, and particularly for the interior side of a double cylinder deadbolt lock. The escutcheon assembly generally comprises a tapered collar carried on the deadbolt cylinder (and retained by a flange on the cylinder), plus a decorative face plate substantially covering the cylinder and secured to the collar by a novel clip and set screw mechanism. The collar has an annular groove defining opposing walls, the outermost wall (away from the door) having an inwardly angled surface to taper the groove. The decorative face plate has a clip protruding interiorly therein to a distal end that conforms to the tapered annular groove in the collar (for engagement therewith). A set screw is threaded into the frame opposite the clip and protrudes inward behind the aperture to a distal end that likewise conforms to the tapered annular groove in the collar (for engagement therewith). Insertion of the face plate clip into the groove of the collar and tightening of the opposed set screw into the collar self-centers and affixes the decorative face plate over the cylinder flush against the door with a secure tamper-proof attachment, and the decorative face plate may take virtually any outward shape (rectangular, square, etc.) making it much easier to match inside and outside face plates.

A central direct injection (DI) cylinder head is configured with an intake valvetrain and an exhaust valvetrain separated by an uncovered central DI valley. The uncovered central DI valley limits oil flow from the high side chamber to the low side chamber and PCV transfer. Oil drainage and additional PCV transfer between the intake and exhaust chambers is provided by drain / vent passages integrally cast into the casting of the cylinder head. The drain / vent passages may be of varying configuration, and may be located between an injector port of a first cylinder set and a spark plug port of an adjacent cylinder set, or at either or both ends of the cylinder head. A method is provided to form a casting of the cylinder head as described herein, including casting of a plurality of drain / vent passages between the first chamber and the second chamber of the cylinder head.

The present invention provides a method for producing a liquid-crystalline polyester resin composition, the method comprising providing a twin-screw extrusion granulator that comprises a cylinder provided with at least one supply port and two screws installed in the cylinder; supplying (A) a liquid-crystalline polyester and (B) a titanium oxide filler into the cylinder through one of the at least one supply port; and melt-kneading the components (A) and (B), wherein a cylinder setting temperature is set at a temperature of (Tm−10)° C. or lower wherein Tm is a fluidization temperature of the component (A).

The invention relates to a mountain cutting and rock drilling tunnel stone splitting machine, belongs to the technical field of stone splitting machines, and provides the mountain cutting and rock drilling tunnel stone splitting machine which solves the problems that field working is lack of electricity and power and is capable of achieving mechanical-electrical-hydraulic integration and saving manpower, high in efficiency, safe and environmentally friendly. The mountain cutting and rock drilling tunnel stone splitting machine comprises a chassis, a big arm, a small arm, a main machine body and a hydraulic system; the chassis, the big arm and the small arm are rotatably connected in sequence, and the small arm is connected with the main machine body through an angle adjusting device; the main machine body comprises three pushing oil cylinder sets, a gear case, a drill rod, a drill bit, splitting devices and a pushing slideway, the first pushing oil cylinder set is connected with the gear case through a universal coupling, the second pushing oil cylinder set and the third pushing oil cylinder set are each connected with the corresponding splitting device through a universal coupling, and the hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic motor, two overflow valves, six magnetic exchange valves, a high-pressure oil pump and a pressure meter. The mountain cutting and rock drilling tunnel stone splitting machine is mainly applied to the mountain cutting and rock drilling tunnel aspect.

A hydrogen refueling station network facility can inject hydrogen for hydrogen cell hydrogen storage cylinders in an area and forms a hydrogen distribution type energy resource together with hydrogen cells. The energy resources around a city are used for producing hydrogen through various hydrogen making methods. Energy resource conversion is realized through the procedures of pressurization, conveying, storage, air-entrapping and the like. A circular process including the procedures of hydrogen production, conveying with a gas storage cylinder set trailer, consumption of hydrogen cells, conveying with the gas storage cylinder set trailer and hydrogen production goes on all the time. The energy resource provided in the scheme does not use circuits of a power grid and is independent from the power grid, and the gas storage cylinder set trailer is used for supplying gas to the hydrogen cells as a movable pipeline. By means of the scheme, the greatest effect is that the city is changed into a hydrogen energy society, and zero emission is realized. If every city in China implements the scheme, China can develop into the hydrogen energy society soon, and great significance is achieved.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine and a valve drive unit thereof. The internal combustion engine comprises a plurality of cylinders. At least one cam shaft is rotatably supported in order to operate ventilating valves of the cylinders of a cylinder set, and one sliding cam allowing axial sliding is arranged on the cam shaft corresponding to each cylinder. A common actuator (7) is provided for all the sliding cams (2a, 2b, 2c) so that the sliding cams (2a, 2b, 2c) supported on the cam shaft (1) in an axially slidable manner can slide axially.

The invention discloses a clamping and trepanning die for hardware. The clamping and trepanning die comprises a lower die body and an upper die body. The lower die body is located under the upper die body. The clamping and trepanning die further comprises horizontal transverse air cylinder sets, a horizontal longitudinal air cylinder set, vertical air cylinder sets and compression rings. A workpiece fixing table used for installing a workpiece is arranged in the middle of the lower die body. The horizontal transverse air cylinder sets and the horizontal longitudinal air cylinder set are fixedly installed on the periphery of the upper end face of the lower die body. Air cylinder telescopic rods of the horizontal transverse air cylinder sets and the horizontal longitudinal air cylinder set face the workpiece fixing table. The vertical air cylinder sets are installed on the lower end face of the upper die body. The lower sides of the vertical air cylinder sets are fixedly connected with the upper surfaces of the compression rings, and each of the lower end faces of the compression rings and the upper end face of the workpiece fixing table are coated with an ultra-hard wear-resistant coating. The clamping and trepanning die for the hardware is reasonable in structure, the machining and positioning precision of the workpiece is improved, the workpiece is prevented from deforming, the service life is long, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced.

The invention discloses a device for testing abutting and sealing performance of a shield machine. The device comprises a front base, multiple frame beams, multiple pull rods, a rear base, a pressure bin assembly, a top board, a jacking oil cylinder set, an eccentric and deflecting adjusting screw set, a posture locking screw set and a force transducer. The pressure bin assembly is fixed between the front base and the top board, the front base is connected with the rear base through the frame beams and the pull rods. The frame beams and the pull rods are arranged on the periphery of the pressure bin assembly, the posture locking screw set is arranged on the pull rods, and a groove is formed in the top board and connected with the posture locking screw set. The eccentric and deflecting adjusting screw set is fixed on the frame beams and abuts against the pressure bin assembly, and the jacking oil cylinder set is fixed on the rear base and abuts against the top board. The force transducer is arranged on the pull rods between the posture locking screw set and the top board in a sleeved mode. The device can simulate states of axis excursion and uneven compression of a sealing ring in practical application, tests of sealing performance under various conditions are finished, and therefore use reliability of the sealing ring in a special working environment is improved.

The injecting structure of the injection machine comprises the ejection table bracket, front panel on the bracket, rear plate of the injection table, injection oil cylinder set on the front plate of the injection plate, displacing the oil cylinder set, installing oil motor, injection piston rod on the rear plate of the injection plate, with the said injection piston rod connected with the injection oil cylinder, sleeve tube at the bottom of the front panel of the injection plate, the sleeve tube set on the guide pole slidilingly, with the guide pole at the front of the injection bracket, sliders at the bottom of the injection rear plate, sliders slidingly connected with the linear guide track that is installed at the rear of the injection bracket. It is durable, hard to cause damage to improper adjustment of the nozzle center, more agile and stable injection, and high precision injection machine injecting structure.

The invention discloses an upper lower adjustable clamp apparatus for a sponge cutting mechanism, which comprises a rack, wherein the a plurality of lifting motors are fixed on a top plate of the rack; output shafts of the lifting motors upwardly extends outside the top plate and the output shafts are threadingly connected to lifting threaded rods; the lifting threaded rods are fixed on a bottom surface of a bottom lifting plate; a slide track is fixed on the top surface of the bottom lifting plate; a support column is fixed on an edge portion of the top plate of the rack; the top portion of the support column is fixed on an upper top plate; a lower pressing motor of an upper pressing disc is fixed on the upper top plate; an output shaft of the lower pressing motor of the upper pressing disc downwardly penetrates through the top plate and the output shaft of the lower pressing motor is threadingly connected a thread connecting column set on the top portion of the upper pressing disc; a plurality of stopper rods are fixed on the top surface of the upper pressing disc; and the stopper rods are inserted into a plurality of sleeve cylinders set on the bottom surface of the upper top plate. The apparatus provided herein can be mounted on a position of an electric resistance wire cutting apparatus; a sponge block can be automatically fixed; the sponge block can be lifted and dropped, thus the height is corresponding to the electric resistance wire cutting apparatus; the cutting is convenient; and the effect is good.

Disclosed in the invention is a tail rotor stand comprising a rack, a horizontal motor, a reducer, a first driving shaft assembly, a torque scale, a second driving shaft assembly, a single-component lift balance, a rotating translation conversion device, and an actuator cylinder set. The rack includes a support platform, a driving shaft support part, and an accommodation space. The reducer is arranged in the accommodation space and the input terminal of the reducer is connected with the output terminal of the horizontal motor. The first driving shaft assembly is arranged inside the driving shaft support part and can rotate relative to the driving shaft support part; and one end of the driving shaft assembly is connected with the output terminal of the reducer. The torque scale is connected with the other end of the first driving shaft assembly. One end of the second driving shaft assembly is in transmission connection with the torque scale and the other end is in transmission connection with a tail rotor. The single-component lift balance is arranged on the support platform; a floating plate of the single-component lift balance is connected with the second driving shaft assembly. The rotating translation conversion device is in transmission connection with the second driving shaft assembly. A cylinder body of the actuator cylinder set is arranged on the floating plate and a piston rod is connected with the rotating translation conversion device.

This invention relates to iris identification device, which comprises the following: shell; image forming part to shoot the passing light; driving lens cylinder set with object lens of the light and move forward and back under the motor force and focus the image focus to the image forming part; position sensor to sense the part shoot object into the special position; multiple lighting parts set in the front of said shell.

A disc brake caliper for conversion of a motorcycle with a linked braking system to a trike integrates two or more separate sets of opposed braking cylinders and pads within a single housing. Braking cylinder sets are not connected to other braking cylinder sets within the housing. Each set of braking cylinders is connected to and actuated independently by a different master cylinder. At least two braking cylinder sets within a housing have different diameters, the diameters of each set being chosen to produce a desired amount of braking pressure in response to an expected amount of hydraulic pressure from a master cylinder actuating the set. Both the diameter of each braking cylinder set and ratio of diameters between different braking cylinder sets are chosen to produce the optimum rear wheel braking pressure allocation for a given braking control system and vehicle configuration with no changes to the master cylinders or the front wheel braking system.

The invention discloses a detergent supplying device of a roller washing machine, comprising a detergent cylinder setting part that is communicated with the inner part of a detergent cylinder opening on the upper part of the washing machine, a detergent cylinder accommodated inside the detergent cylinder setting part by the way of drawing through the detergent cylinder opening and a hanging device, integratedly formed on the upper part detergent cylinder with the structure that the detergent cylinder is drawn out, preventing from being completely drawn out, that can be hanged on the detergent cylinder setting part. The beneficial effects are that: hitching steps that are hitched with the bulge of a distributor and an elastic part at the lower side of the hitching steps are formed integratedly on the detergent cylinder, not only preventing the detergent cylinder cover from dropping, but also preventing the detergent cylinder from dropping accidentally. In addition, hitching steps without the elastic part can also be formed on the top surface of the detergent cylinder, which can prevent the complete detachment of the detergent cylinder and the washing machine for a public commercial washing machine.

The invention discloses a four-stroke four-cylinder opposed one-way rotary engine and a control method thereof. The engine consists of an output shaft, two one-way wheels, four oil cylinders, two connecting rods and four push-pull rods. The control method for the engine comprises the following steps of: enabling the four oil cylinders to ignite in turns; enabling the two one-way wheels to performcirculating motion between positive rotation and negative rotation by utilizing the push-pull rods connected between the oil cylinders and the one-way wheels, enabling other three oil cylinders to separately complete action of gas exhaust, gas inlet and compression while the output shaft is driven to perform power output. The four-stroke four-cylinder opposed one-way rotary engine adopts the connecting rods and the push-pull rods as transmission mechanisms, the four oil cylinders are oppositely arranged in pairs, and twisting force output of the output shaft and return for the push-pull rods are simultaneously realized by utilizing in-turn ignition power of the four oil cylinders and one-way locking property of the two one-way wheels. The four-stroke four-cylinder opposed one-way rotary engine has the advantages of being simple in structure, small in size, low in cost, reliable in work, high in efficiency of the heat engine, flexible in application, strong in universality and the like.

The invention provides an online color recognition-based industrial product rapid classification method and a device. The device comprises a high-speed camera, an infrared photoelectric sensor, an air cylinder controller, an air cylinder set, an article collecting frame corresponding to each air cylinder and a control system. The control system controls the high-speed camera to collect the image of an article in real time. The image region of the article is extracted according to the background subtraction method, and the main tone of the article is determined by means of the clustering method. The color difference between the image of the article collected in real time and images in an established image library respectively, and then the color classification of the current article is figured out according to the principle that the color difference is the minimum. After that, whether the article is qualified or not is judged. The control system pushes the article into the corresponding article collecting frame by the air cylinder according to the judging result. The method and the device are high in automation degree and easy to operate. Products of the same kind and different colors can be quickly and accurately classified. Therefore, the method and the device can be well applied to various industrial fields.

The invention discloses a device for automatically regulating an entering angle of a plate blank in a continuous press. The device comprises a feeding hot pressing plate, at least one first one-way functional oil cylinder set and at least one second one-way functional oil cylinder set, wherein the feeding hot pressing plate can form the outline of a plate blank entrance. The bottom of the feedinghot pressing plate is contacted with a pressed steel belt, the first one-way functional oil cylinder is a piston oil cylinder, and the second one-way functional oil cylinder is a plunger cylinder; cross beams extending in the direction of the width of the plate blank are fixed on the upper surface of the feeding hot pressing plate through a shaping distance plate, wherein a plunger of the plungercylinder is hinged on a corresponding cross beam, and a cylinder body is hinged on a press stand; and the piston rods of each piston oil cylinder set are directly connected with the upper surface of the feeding hot pressing plate, the cylinder bodies of the piston oil cylinders are hinged with the press stand, and the piston oil cylinders and the plunger cylinders are arranged in an interlaced manner in the moving direction of the plate blank. The device disclosed by the invention replaces the majority of piston oil cylinders in an original continuous press by the plunger cylinders, thus the cost of the whole continuous press is reduced, the number of fault points of the continuous press is reduced, and an unexpected technical effect is obtained.

The invention discloses a processing protective device for a light guide plate. The processing protective device comprises a fixed bracket, an air cylinder set, a left positioning plate, a right positioning plate, an upper baffle plate, a lower baffle plate and a pressure plate, wherein the left positioning plate and the right positioning plate are regulated by an air cylinder to adapt to light guide plates with different dimensions for fixing and positioning the plurality of the light guide plates in a left-right direction; the plurality of the light guide plates are fixed and positioned in an up-down direction by virtue of the upper baffle plate, the lower baffle plate and the air cylinder; during polishing processing, the light guide plate can be prevented from being damaged by pressing, and side edges and four corners of the light guide plate are prevented from turned-down edge and turned-down corner phenomena, so that a to-be-processed light guide plate is effectively protected, production yield and processing quality of the light guide plate are improved, and the production cost is reduced. The processing protective device is simple in structure, convenient in operation, high in degree of automation, and capable of adapting to light guide plates with different specifications.

The invention discloses an automatic carton nailing machine which comprises a carton folding and forming portion, an upper position paper feed portion, a lower position paper feed portion, an upper position carton nailing portion and a lower position carton nailing portion, wherein the upper position paper feed portion and the lower position paper feed portion are located on the two sides of a feed end of the carton folding and forming portion respectively, and the upper position carton nailing portion and the lower position carton nailing portion are located on the two sides of a discharge end of the carton folding and forming portion respectively. The carton folding and forming portion comprises a folding and forming portion machine frame, an upper conveying device and a lower conveying device, and further comprises a folding and forming air cylinder set, wherein the upper conveying device and the lower conveying device are located inside the folding and forming portion machine frame in the vertical direction. The automatic carton nailing machine has the advantages that the folding and forming portion is reasonably combined with the upper position paper feed portion, the lower position paper feed portion, the upper position carton nailing portion and the lower position carton nailing portion, coordinative control is conducted through a control device, and automatic feeding, automatic folding and forming and automatic carton nailing are achieved; meanwhile, in the feed process, two carton boards are placed on a bracket of the upper position paper feed portion and a bracket of the lower position paper feed portion respectively through manual operation, then cartons can be automatically nailed without being manually folded, and labor intensity is lowered.

A method of operating an internal combustion engine, where the internal combustion engine comprises a first cylinder set and a second cylinder set, comprises: introducing multiple fuels and an oxidant into the first cylinder set at a first substitution rate; introducing multiple fuels and an oxidant into the second cylinder set at a second substitution rate; monitoring an engine parameter(s); and then adjusting the first substitution rate to a third substitution rate in one (or more) cylinder of the first cylinder set, in response to the monitoring, such that the third substitution rate is different than the second substitution rate.