The invention discloses a high-strength wood-plastic board and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength wood-plastic board comprises components in parts by weight as follows: 50-80 parts of sisal dregs, 40-80 parts of waste plastics, 10-25 parts of modified phenolic resin, 6-10 parts of mineral fiber, 5-10 parts of pentalyn, 8-12 parts of nano calcium carbonate and 8-15 parts of an auxiliary. The preparation method comprises technological steps of modification pretreatment, high-speed mixing, hot-press molding and cooling for sizing. Comprehensive utilization of resources of the sisal dregs is realized, the prepared wood-plastic board has high compressive strength and wear resistance, the cost is reduced, and the service life of the wood-plastic board is long. The high-strength wood-plastic board and the preparation method have the advantages of simpleness in processing technology, short processing time, low cost and the like, and the wood-plastic board is applicable to industrial production.