The invention provides an imidacloprid detection ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kit which includes an ELISA plate coated with a coating antigen, a specific antibody, an enzyme marker, an imidacloprid standard solution, a substrate coloring liquid, a terminating liquid, a washing liquid and a complex solution, the coating antigen is an imidacloprid coupling antigen, and the enzyme marker is an enzyme labeled antibody. The invention also discloses an imidacloprid detection method using the ELISA kit, and the method includes first, pretreatment of a sample, then detection with the ELISA kit and final detection result analyzing. The ELISA kit can be used to detect the content of imidacloprid in vegetables and fruits, and has the advantages of being simple in operation, low in cost, high in sensitivity, capable of monitoring on site and suitable for screening a large number of samples.