The invention discloses a temperature field analysis method of a bituminous mixture test piece on the basis of discrete element simulation, belongs to the technical field of bituminous mixture, and solves the problem that a finite element method can not accurately analyze the internal temperature field of the bituminous mixture test piece in a high-temperature environment. The temperature field analysis method comprises the following steps: firstly, forming the bituminous mixture test piece, collecting a digital image of irregular aggregate distribution, and converting the digital image into a digital test piece of a two-dimensional CAD (Computer-Aided Design) image format after the digital image is subjected to image processing; then, importing discrete element software, independently generating irregular aggregate and bituminous mortar according to the positions of aggregate blocks and the bituminous mortar, and constructing a two-dimensional test piece discrete element model; simulating a situation that the test piece is heated in the high-temperature environment, setting a boundary condition of the test piece model, the thermophysical property parameters of the aggregate and the bituminous mortar and the internal contact thermal resistance of a unit; and applying certain constant-high-temperature and room-temperature heat flow around the test piece model, recording the temperature change situations of each point in the test piece at different moments, drawing a comparison graph, and combining with a temperature field and a heat flow distribution cloud chart generated by the software to analyze the temperature field of the bituminous mixture test piece.