The invention discloses a building external wall heat preservation structure, and belongs to the technical field of building external wall heat preservation, the building external wall heat preservation structure comprises an external wall, a first wallboard and a second wallboard, the first wallboard and the second wallboard are fixed on the outer side wall of the external wall,
water storage cavities are formed in the first wallboard and the second wallboard, a water inlet is formed in the top surface of the first wallboard, and a port adjusting
assembly is arranged in the first wallboard; a pressure adjusting
assembly is arranged in the first
wall plate, and a clean discharging
assembly is arranged in the opening adjusting assembly. The water inlet is automatically sealed through the arranged opening adjusting assembly, so that excessive impurities in the external environment are prevented from entering the
water storage cavity through the water inlet, the efficient performance of a temperature adjusting medium is maintained, the pressure adjusting assembly is triggered through the opening adjusting assembly to seal and press down water in the first
wall plate to a certain degree, and the sealing effect is improved. And the pressure adjusting assembly is driven by the pressure of the liquid to block the gap between the two adjacent second wallboards, so that
permeation and transmission of cold and
heat energy through the gap between the second wallboards are greatly reduced, and the heat preservation effect of a building is improved.