The present invention provides a method for carrying out bio-orthogonal
polysaccharide labeling from a
microbiome level. The method comprises: placing microbial
flora in a culture medium added with afirst probe, and culturing to obtain a microbial
flora labeled with the first probe, wherein the first probe is one or a variety of unnatural saccharides; and carrying out a bio-orthogonal reaction onthe microbial
flora labeled with the first probe and a second probe to obtain a microbial flora labeled with the second probe, wherein the second probe is a
chemical marker capable of being subjectedto a bio-orthogonal reaction with the first probe. According to the present invention, with the method, a variety of
bacteria capable of being metabolized and labeled with unnatural saccharides can be rapidly screened in the high-
throughput manner, the specific types of the unnatural saccharides for metabolizing and labeling different
bacteria can be determined, the possibility can be provided for the
in vivo imaging of the specific
microbiome, and the powerful tool is provided for the exploring of the biological functions of the macromolecules containing the
polysaccharide structure in the
bacteria difficultly cultured separately.