The invention discloses a centralized monitoring method for the optical cable resource. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, establishing an optical cable section; 2, establishing optical routing; 3, forming optical cable network topology; 4, setting a monitoring module for a network; 5, selecting a monitoring mode, skipping to a step 5.1 in a roll-call monitoring mode, skipping to a step 5.2 in an automatic periodic monitoring mode, and skipping to a step 5.3 in a barrier alarm monitoring mode; 5.1, performing roll-call monitoring at the optical cable section; 5.2, automatically and periodically monitoring the optical cable section; 5.3, performing barrier alarm monitoring at the optical cable section; 6, monitoring central analysis testing data, judging whether a fault occurs, skipping to a step 7 if the fault occurs, and skipping to the step 5 if no fault occurs; 7, assigning a person to maintain the failed optical cable section; and 8, monitoring the maintained optical cable section by using the monitoring module, and skipping to the step 5. In the method, online monitoring, analysis and real-time fault alarm are performed on a communication optical cable and communication equipment, so that the line communication and maintenance efficiencies are increased, the line failure rate is lowered, and the fault time is shortened.