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44 results about "Subgradient method" patented technology

Subgradient methods are iterative methods for solving convex minimization problems. Originally developed by Naum Z. Shor and others in the 1960s and 1970s, subgradient methods are convergent when applied even to a non-differentiable objective function. When the objective function is differentiable, sub-gradient methods for unconstrained problems use the same search direction as the method of steepest descent.

Accelerated discrete distribution clustering under wasserstein distance

Computationally efficient accelerated D2-clustering algorithms are disclosed for clustering discrete distributions under the Wasserstein distance with improved scalability. Three first-order methods include subgradient descent method with re-parametrization, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and a modified version of Bregman ADMM. The effects of the hyper-parameters on robustness, convergence, and speed of optimization are thoroughly examined. A parallel algorithm for the modified Bregman ADMM method is tested in a multi-core environment with adequate scaling efficiency subject to hundreds of CPUs, demonstrating the effectiveness of AD2-clustering.
Owner:PENN STATE RES FOUND

D2D user resource distribution method based on multicarrier communication

The invention discloses a D2D user resource distribution method based on multicarrier communication, comprising steps of calculating signal to noise ratio on different subcarriers of each D2D user, distributing a subcarrier to each user according to the calculated signal to noise ratio value to enable the signal to noise ratio of each user to be greatest on the distributed subcarrier, performing distribution on the rest of subcarriers according to the signal to noise ratio of a weighing cellular user and the signal to noise ratio of the D2D user until all the subcarriers are distributed to the users, utilizing a subgradient method to perform iteration on lagrange factors and distributing emission power of the D2D user on each subcarrier in order to ensure the cellular user to meet the requirement of the lowest signal to noise ratio and maximization of D2D user system capacity. The D2D user resource distribution method performs subcarrier distribution on the D2D user on the premise that the cellular user lowest signal to noise ratio is guaranteed and establishes an optimized function which targets maximization of system capacity of the D2D user system and uses the cellular user signal to noise ratio and the D2D user emission power as the constraint condition so as to realize the subcarrier distribution and power distribution of the D2D user.
Owner:青岛联众芯云科技有限公司

Sharing spectrum access-based carrier and power combined allocation method

InactiveCN102364973AStable Power Allocation ResultsFast convergenceNetwork planningFrequency spectrumCarrier signal
The invention discloses a sharing spectrum access-based carrier and power combined allocation method. By the method, the problem of spectrum allocation in cognitive radio is solved by combining a game correlation theory, a duality principle, a subgradient method and the like; when an overlay spectrum accesses, an iterative algorithm for power allocation is provided, the convergence and the availability of the iterative algorithm are verified, and the problem of carrier and power allocation is solved when an underlay spectrum accesses; and when the underlay spectrum accesses, due to the constraint of the interference tolerance, strategy spaces among users are mutually coupled, and a coupling strategy game is decomposed into an independent strategy non-cooperative game and an optimization problem by introducing the duality principle and the subgradient method, so that the problem of carrier and power allocation is solved when the underlay spectrum accesses.
Owner:NO 54 INST OF CHINA ELECTRONICS SCI & TECH GRP

Joint path selection and power distribution method for energy collection nodes in wireless sensor network

InactiveCN106131918ADetailed scene settingReasonable scene settingPower managementHigh level techniquesComputation complexityApproximate computing
The invention discloses a joint path selection and power distribution method for energy collection nodes in a wireless sensor network, and belongs to the field of cooperative communication technologies. The method comprises the steps of analyzing a system scene, describing problems; establishing a system mathematic model; and then finding the optimal solution by using an optimization method. The method aims at the special application scene and is derived from the actual application, and being different from the traditional independent sensor node or gateway resource distribution, the method comprehensively considers the joint power distribution and path selection of sensor nodes and gateways, and maximizes the handling capacity performance of the communication nodes by using the gateways as relay stations. According to the method of the invention, the solution of an optimization problem is processed by using convex optimization to convert a target function of the optimization problem without approximate calculation, so that computation complexity is greatly reduced while accuracy of the problem is not influenced, and delay generated by system overheads is reduced; a Lagrangian multiplier method is used in an optimizing process, and thus an optimizing speed is rapid; a subgradient method and an incremental step length are used in an iterative process, so that optimizing is more accurate.
Owner:唐山市汉维科技有限公司

Power allocation algorithm in multi-beam satellite communication system

The invention discloses a power allocation algorithm in a multi-beam satellite communication system. The power allocation algorithm comprises the following steps: at first, creating a downlink capacity model of the multi-beam satellite communication system for a user terminal according to a power bandwidth balancing principle in the multi-beam satellite communication system; then, creating a constrained optimization problem model for the power allocation problem; and finally, solving through the Lagrangian duality theory and a subgradient algorithm. The power allocation algorithm provided by the invention has excellence on the aspects of total capacity of the system and the total refusal amount of two-order services, good system performance can be obtained, and valuable power resources can be effectively utilized.
Owner:PLA UNIV OF SCI & TECH

Power control method based on SWIPT (Simultaneously Wireless Information and Power Transfer) in heterogeneous cellular network

ActiveCN108235419AMathematical Processing SimplifiedVerify validityPower managementHeterogeneous networkOptimization problem
The invention provides a power control method based on SWIPT (Simultaneously Wireless Information and Power Transfer) in a heterogeneous cellular network. The method comprises the steps of initializing system parameters, establishing a maximum energy efficiency optimization model according to a system scene, converting the model into a power control problem of a base station, and converting an original problem into a joint optimization problem between base station transmission power and a user side power distribution coefficient through variable substitution; under the condition that the userside power distribution coefficient rhok is fixed, carrying out solution through adoption of a subgradient method based on a Lagrange multiplier, and obtaining the optimum power control scheme P<k><*>of the base station according to a KKT condition; and obtaining the optimum energy efficiency value lambda<k><*> of a system through combination of a bisection method according to the obtained powercontrol scheme P<k><*>. According to the optimum power control method provided by the invention, the energy efficiency of the cellular system can be improved, the energy limited problem of a mobile device also can be effectively solved, and the method has certain guiding significance in a practice aspect.
Owner:CHONGQING UNIV OF POSTS & TELECOMM

Interference management-based combined resource allocation for macro base station and family base station

The invention aims to provide an interference-based combined resource allocation method for a macro base station and a family base station. Combined channel allocation is performed for a macro user and a family base station based on a heuristic type dynamic clustering method, and cross-layer interference between a family base station system and a macro cellular system is effectively reduced while clustering is performed on the family base station. While ensuring constraint conditions of macro user and family user QoS, an optimization problem with minimization of family base station transmitting power being a target function is constructed, and a subgradient method is utilized to solve the optimization problem. The method reduces interference of the family base station system, decreases interruption probability of the family user, and improves energy efficiency of the family base station.
Owner:CERTUS NETWORK TECHNANJING

Bandwidth and power coordinated allocation method in inter-satellite communication link

The invention discloses a bandwidth and power coordinated allocation method in inter-satellite communication links. The bandwidth and power coordinated allocation method is implemented based on a Lagrangian duality theory and a subgradient method, and comprises the steps of: determining that satellite are in a normal communication stage; establishing an inter-satellite communication system model according to channel parameters, and determining an optimization object; comprehensively considering system capacity and service requirement of each communication link, conducting modeling for the optimization object; adopting a gradient descent method for acquiring a calculation method of power and bandwidth allocated to each communication link; and solving the optimal power and the optimal bandwidth required by an inter-satellite communication link system. The bandwidth and power coordinated allocation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being fast, efficient and stable, increasing system capacity of the satellite system, reducing calculation workload, and has relatively high utilization rate of on-satellite resources.
Owner:NANJING UNIV

Renewable energy optimization method of energy collection type wireless relay network with maximum throughput

The invention provides a renewable energy optimization method of an energy collection type wireless relay network with maximum throughput. The method comprises the following steps: 1) realizing the maximum throughput in the energy collection type wireless relay network via renewable energy optimization management, wherein the optimization problem is described as a multi-variable optimization; 2) decomposing P1 problem into two sub optimization problems due to the convex optimization properties: power sub optimization and time slot sub optimization; in view of the power sub optimization, optimizing the variable pi by using a regular convex optimization algorithm (interior point method); and in view of the time slot sub optimization, optimizing the variable (the formula is as shown in the specification) by using a prediction subgradient method. The invention provides a renewable energy optimization method for realizing the maximum throughput and maximum system efficiency in the energy collection type wireless relay network by combining time scheduling with power allocation.
Owner:ZHEJIANG UNIV OF TECH

Resource distribution method in energy acquisition small cellular network

InactiveCN106255220ADetailed scene settingReasonable scene settingTransmission monitoringHigh level techniquesComputation complexityApproximate computing
The invention discloses a resource distribution method in energy acquisition small cellular network, belonging to the technical field of wireless communication. The method comprises the steps of system scene analysis and problem resolution, system mathematics model establishment, and the obtainment of an optimal solution by an optimization method. The method is for a special application scene and is from practical application, the environmental protection scheme of renewable sources is fully considered, and combined with the cooperation forwarding function of a relay station, an energy acquisition relay station is used for the cooperation of data forwarding. For the solution of an optimization problem, the convex optimization processing is employed, the target function of an optimization problem is converted, without approximation calculating, while the problem precision is not influenced, the calculating complexity is reduced greatly, the time delay generated by system overhead is reduced, a Lagrange multiplier method is used in a searching optimization process, the searching optimization speed is fast, a subgradient method is employed in an algorithm iteration process, a progressive step length is employed, and the searching optimization is more accurate. The resource distribution method of the present invention has the advantages of reasonable algorithm design and easy realization.
Owner:辛建芳

Ruled surface adaptively measuring method based on constant contact force

A ruled surface adaptively measuring method based on constant contact force relates to measurement of curved parts. The method comprises performing grid division on a surface to be measured, obtaining the contact force of the unit node of a complex curved surface to be measured as well as the coordinate of a measuring head, and predicting the displacement change of a probe with constant contact force according to subgradient size and direction change; during the surface measurement, reutilizing the position coordinates of unit nodes on a parallel measurement route to effectively improve the measurement efficiency; adaptively completing measurement of the complex curved surface composed of ruled surfaces without changing measurement hardware to obtain high practicality, to effectively improve the measurement efficiency and to reduce the operating processes. Meanwhile, according to the ruled surface adaptively measuring method based on the constant contact surface, direct radius compensation is performed on measured points through an element method, the adjusting displacement of a second contact point is predicated through a subgradient method, and during route planning, measured data of unit cross nodes are reutilized, so that the measurement efficiency can be effectively improved.
Owner:XIAMEN UNIV +1

Relay selection method of energy acquisition based multi-relay cooperative communication system

InactiveCN106304239ADetailed scene settingReasonable scene settingSite diversityHigh level techniquesComputation complexityCommunications system
The invention discloses a relay selection method of an energy acquisition based multi-relay cooperative communication system, and belongs to the technical field of cooperative communication. The relay selection method comprises steps of analyzing a system scene and summarizing problems; establishing a system mathematical model; and using an optimization method to solve an optimal solution. The relay selection method provided by the invention is practically applied in special application scenes, so compared with previous multi-relay selection methods, the relay selection method is characterized in that multi-relay cooperative communication based on energy acquisition is taken into consideration, and an expression of the throughput capacity is deduced, so the throughput capacity performance among communication nodes is maximized, solving of optimization problems is performed and the relay selection method has practical guidance meanings. Aiming at the solving of the optimization problem, convex optimization processing is adopted and a target function of an optimization problem is converted without approximate calculation, so precision of the problem is not affected, calculation complexity is greatly reduced, and time delays generated by expense of the system are reduced. During an optimization process, a lagrangian multiplier method is adopted, so optimization speed is fast. A subgradient method is adopted in an algorithm iteration process, and gradual step lengths are selected, so optimization is more accurate.
Owner:梁广俊

Sequence updating method for supbroblem of production system management based on L'S relaxation

The present invention discloses a subproblem sequential renwal method based on L's relaxation for optimizing production management in production system for treating same kind of tasks, same type of equiopment and same class of resource, and is characterized by that under the frame of La's relaxation every subproblem correspondent to every equipment or every task possesses penalty item related to other equipment or task, only one subproblem is undergont eh process of sequential solution of renewal treatment, the La's multiplier (system price) also is renewed, so that it basically solves the isomorphism difficult problem of optimizing sceduling algorithm under the frame of La's relaxation, at the same time remains the advantages of frame of La's relaxation, progressive gradient method and augemented La's relaxation method.
Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV

High resolution SAR image classification method based on co-sparse model

The invention discloses a high resolution SAR image classification method based on a co-sparse model and solves a technical problem of high classification time complexity caused by utilizing only an integrated sparse model to represent images during SAR image classification in the prior art. The method comprises steps that an initial pixel value matrix X is selected in to-be-classified SAR images; an analysis operator is selected to learn an initial sample; a projection subgradient method and a unified row specification tight frame method are combined to learn an analysis operator omega; an augmented lagrangian method is utilized to solve a co-sparse coefficient Z; a co-sparse coefficient vector of a pixel block corresponding to each pixel point and a pixel value vector of the pixel block are combined to acquire a characteristic vector; classification is carried out based on an SVM classifier to acquire a prediction label of each pixel point characteristic vector of the whole graph; the prediction label result is displayed in a gray image. The method is advantaged in that sparse expressions of the images can be rapidly acquired, classification timeliness and classification accuracy of the SAR images can be guaranteed, and the method is for high resolution SAR image classification.
Owner:XIDIAN UNIV

Method for positioning fault between information network and communication network

The invention discloses a method for positioning a fault between an information network and a communication network. The method comprises the steps of deleting the redundant information in a cause-and-effect graph fault propagation model to generate a bipartite graph fault propagation model; removing information network-associated alarms from the bipartite graph fault propagation model to establish the direct relationship between fault source of the communication network and the associated fault event of the information network; determining a final objective function for a network fault positioning problem; based on the Lagrangian Relaxation and Subgradient method, solving the optimal solution of the final objective function. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the mutual influence mechanism between the information network and the communication network is analyzed, and then a bipartite graph-based network fault positioning model is provided. Meanwhile, the optimal solution problem of the model is solved, so that the network fault positioning efficiency is improved. Therefore, fault positioning results are more accurate.
Owner:BEIJING HUITONG JINCAI INFORMATION TECH +5

GFDM-based wireless energy-carrying network uplink and downlink resource joint allocation method

ActiveCN112702792ARealize optimal allocation of multiple resourcesHigh level techniquesWireless communicationTransmitted powerCarrier signal
The invention discloses a GFDM-based wireless energy-carrying network uplink and downlink resource joint allocation method. Each user performs information decoding and energy collection on a received signal by adopting a power division receiver structure in a downlink, and then uses the collected energy for uplink information transmission. The weighted reachable sum rate of the uplink and the downlink is maximized under the condition of meeting the constraint of energy collection and total transmitting power by allocating GFDM subcarriers and subsymbols of the uplink and the downlink and allocating power allocation and power division factors. In order to solve the non-convex optimization problem, a Lagrange duality method, a sub-gradient method and a greedy algorithm are respectively adopted to solve the joint optimization of uplink and downlink power distribution and power segmentation factors. The invention is superior to a fixed subcarrier distribution algorithm. According to the invention, multi-resource optimal allocation of uplink and downlink subcarriers, subsymbols, power and power segmentation factors of the wireless energy-carrying network based on GFDM is effectively realized.
Owner:HANGZHOU DIANZI UNIV

Unmanned aerial vehicle multi-dimensional resource management method with high energy efficiency

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle multi-dimensional resource management method with high energy efficiency and belongs to the technical field of wireless communication. The method specifically comprises the following steps: determining a user type; selecting an unmanned aerial vehicle or a ground base station to serve an edge or center user according to the user type; because of the high propulsion energy consumption of the unmanned aerial vehicle, establishing an optimized energy efficiency model combining multi-dimensional resource management of the height, speed, track radius and transmitting power of the unmanned aerial vehicle; decomposing a model objective function which is a non-convex function into four sub-problems , and separately solving the four sub-problems; for solving the power, using a Dinkelbach algorithm to convert a fractional optimization problem into a subtractive optimization problem, and then using a Lagrange method and a subgradient method for solving an optimization variable; solving other optimization variables by utilizing a relationship between a function derivative and an extreme value; repeating the above steps, determining whether theobjective function is converged or not, if so, stopping iteration, and if not, repeating the above steps. On the premise of ensuring the communication quality of the user, the system energy efficiency of the unmanned aerial vehicle network auxiliary edge user is improved.
Owner:XIDIAN UNIV

Welding robot motion model subgradient method

ActiveCN109895097ASolve motion optimization problemsReduce consumptionProgramme-controlled manipulatorControl systemSimulation
The invention relates to a welding robot motion model subgradient method. The method is a non-smooth optimizing method proposed based on a non-smooth motion planning model question of a welding robot,the non-smooth motion planning model question is a motion planning question, and after motion planning question variation is conducted, the non-smooth motion planning model of the welding robot can be obtained, and the motion optimizing problem of the welding robot is solved on the basis by applying the subgradient method. A power system of the welding robot can be obtained, a welding robot controller is obtained, a control system of the welding robot is allowed to be stable by the controller obtained through computation under an optmizing model taking the welding robot energy as a performance indicator, and lower needed energy consumption can be achieved. The method has the advantages that the algorithm structure is simple, the algorithm speed is linearly convergent, and the time consumption is lower.
Owner:宁波凯德科技服务有限公司 +1

Optimal Power Allocation Method in Multi-channel Cognitive Wireless Networks Based on Convex Optimization

The optimal power allocation method in the multi-channel cognitive wireless network based on convex optimization disclosed by the present invention establishes a multi-channel cognitive wireless network model based on the frequency-common sharing mechanism, and establishes the total transmission power in peak form and each The optimization problem of maximizing the total communication rate of secondary users under the constraint of interference power of multiple channels, the convexity of the optimization problem is verified by using the convex optimization theory, and it is decomposed into sub-problems under specific channel conditions, and the Lagrange The dual method gives the KKT condition that the optimal solution satisfies, and gives the expression of the optimal solution with respect to the dual variable. Finally, the optimal power allocation scheme is solved by using the dichotomy method and the subgradient method. The present invention jointly considers multiple channels for spectrum sharing, adopts instantaneous peak interference power constraints to strictly protect primary users from interference, and uses multiple channels to enable secondary users to use greater transmission power to transmit, thereby further improving the comprehensiveness of spectrum resources utilization rate.
Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV

Resource allocation method for computing power network service function chain

The invention relates to a computing power network service function chain resource allocation method, which belongs to the field of edge computing and resource allocation, and comprises the following steps: S1, establishing a user uncertainty service function chain demand model; s2, based on the user uncertainty service function chain demand model, service node computing resources and transmission link network bandwidth resource allocation are jointly considered, and a computing power network service cost optimization problem model is established; s3, converting the optimization problem into a convex problem by using a variable relaxation method, solving by using a dual decomposition method and a subgradient method to obtain an optimal user node association and service link selection result, and obtaining a corresponding resource allocation scheme; s4, restoring the linear solution in the step S3 into a discrete solution by using a heuristic rounding algorithm; and S5, solving the residual traffic engineering problem based on the discrete solution, updating the continuous solution, and obtaining feasible solutions of all variables of the problem. According to the invention, the joint resource cost of the service node and the transmission link can be reduced.
Owner:CHONGQING UNIV OF POSTS & TELECOMM

Block chain-based transaction method, transaction system and computer storage medium

The invention relates to a block chain-based transaction method, a transaction system and a computer storage medium, which not only make full use of the significant characteristics of decentralization, non-tampering, anonymity and the like of a block chain technology to promote two transaction parties to form an overlay network and ensure the legal rights and interests and security performance of the two transaction parties, but also can improve the transaction efficiency based on a market benefit maximization principle. Compared with a traditional auction mechanism or a distributed optimization mechanism, the method has the advantages that a market settlement problem is expressed as an optimization problem, so that two parties of the transaction can flexibly and autonomously bargaining and determining the transaction number, complete transaction is completed on the basis of economic benefit maximization, the benefits of participants of the market settlement are maximized, and the market settlement efficiency is improved. And the transaction efficiency is ensured. Particularly, on the basis of a projection subgradient method, a total optimization problem is converted into a local sub-optimization problem, a convergence result is obtained through multiple iterations, legal rights and interests of two transaction parties can be fully guaranteed, calculation accuracy is high, efficiency is high, and the method is an efficient and high-quality optimization algorithm.
Owner:HUNAN TIAN HE GUO YUN TECH CO LTD

Mobile edge computing system resource optimization configuration method

A mobile edge computing system resource optimization configuration method comprises the steps of combining a smart power grid with an MEC system, establishing a system model of the MEC system capable of performing bidirectional energy transaction with the power grid, taking the time average weighted sum of the transaction cost of a base station and the total energy consumption of a mobile user as the average cost of the system, and utilizing a random dual subgradient method to optimize the resource allocation of the MEC system. And a virtual energy queue is introduced, and a computing resource optimization decision, a transmission rate control decision and an energy management strategy are determined based on task unloading, resource allocation, energy management and task buffer queue constraints. According to the method, instant decisions can be dynamically made, statistical data of random processes such as channels, renewable energy sources and electricity price changes do not need to be known priori, and the long-term average cost of the MEC system can be minimized under the condition that the user time delay requirement can be guaranteed.
Owner:SHANGHAI UNIV

Optimal power distribution scheme in multi-channel cognitive wireless network based on convex optimization

The invention discloses an optimal power distribution scheme in a multi-channel cognitive wireless network based on convex optimization. A multi-channel cognitive radio network model based on a frequency spectrum sharing mechanism is established. An optimization problem of maximizing the total communication rate of the secondary user under the constraint of the total transmitting power in a peak form and the interference power of each channel is established; the convexity of the optimization problem is verified by using a convex optimization theory, the optimization problem is decomposed intosub-problems in a specific channel state, the KKT condition satisfied by the optimal solution is given by using a Lagrange dual method, the expression of the optimal solution about dual variables is given, and finally, the optimal power allocation scheme is solved by using a dichotomy and a sub-gradient method. According to the method, multiple channels are jointly considered for frequency spectrum sharing, instantaneous peak interference power constraints are adopted to strictly ensure that the primary user is not interfered, and meanwhile, multiple channels are utilized to enable the secondary user to transmit with higher transmitting power, so that the comprehensive utilization rate of frequency spectrum resources is further improved.
Owner:XI AN JIAOTONG UNIV

A Distributed Method for Realizing Intercellular Interference Control and Energy Saving in Cellular Network

The invention relates to the field of communication and discloses an inter-cell interference control and energy-saving distribution achieving method in a cellular network. The method includes: firstly, on the basis of assumption that a base station can obtain channel information of users whom the base station supply service to, resource allocation states of the whole network and base station operating states are listed in an optimization function, and maximum energy efficiency of the whole network is obtained in a centralized mode; secondly, according to some approximation on math, a centralized algorithm is converted into a linear optimization problem; finally, an original decomposition method and a projection subgradient method are adopted, the centralized algorithm is converted into an approximate distributed algorithm, each cell can make an approximate optimal decision of the resource allocation states and the base station operating states in a dynamic mode as long as information of the adjacent cell is needed, and the maximum energy efficiency of the whole network is achieved approximately.
Owner:DALIAN UNIV OF TECH

Optimization problem processing method and device for machine learning

The invention discloses an optimization problem processing method and device for machine learning. The method comprises the steps: determining an objective function and a constraint condition according to a to-be-solved problem, and continuing a next step in response to the fact that the objective function is a non-differentiable convex function; updating the current solution by using a projection subgradient method based on the number of iterations and the constraint condition, and substituting the current solution into the target function to obtain a current function value; in response to the fact that the current function value does not meet the convergence condition and the number of iterations does not exceed the preset upper limit, accumulating the number of iterations and re-executing the previous step; and determining a solution corresponding to an optimal value in the current function values as an optimal solution of the to-be-solved problem in response to the condition that the current function values meet the convergence condition or the number of iterations exceeds a preset upper limit. According to the method, the optimal solution problem of the non-differentiable function of machine learning can be solved, and the convergence speed is very high.
Owner:INSPUR SUZHOU INTELLIGENT TECH CO LTD

Femtocell power control method based on interference limitation

The purpose of the present invention is to adjust the transmission power of the home base station through the power control algorithm based on the game model in the OFDMA home base station system, so as to improve the user performance of the home base station and limit the interference to the macro user. The requirement for macro-user interference limitation is introduced in the given utility function, where the Lagrangian parameters are updated according to the subgradient method. Such a utility function not only reflects the performance of the femtocell user, but also reflects the requirement on the interference threshold value of the macro user. The power control method based on the utility function not only effectively improves the throughput of the Femtocell user, but also satisfies the interference limitation requirement of the macro user.
Owner:CERTUS NETWORK TECHNANJING
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