35results about "Tubes with multiple resonator" patented technology

An inductive output tube (IOT) provides improved efficiency and larger bandwidth. In one embodiment, an IOT is provided with an electron gun that generates an electron beam, a tube body, a collector for collecting the electron beam, and an extended-interaction output circuit. The electron beam travels through the tube body and the extended-interaction output circuit. The extended-interaction output circuit is located within the tube body. The extended-interaction output circuit comprises a short-circuited resonant structure. The extended-interaction output circuit is used for reducing undesired components of a radio frequency (RF) wave, increasing desired components of the RF wave, and slowing down the propagation of the RF wave. (That is the circuit increases the integral of the electric field along the path of the beam electrons while decreasing the stored energy associated with those fields.) The extended-interaction output circuit also provides the IOT with larger bandwidth operation. The collector may be a multi-stage depressed collector having voltages on the collector to result in a constant efficiency characteristic. The radio-frequency drive power to the tube is connected by means of a broadband impedance matching transformer, and the grid to cathode capacitance may be reduced by depressions in the surface of the cathode directly underneath the grid structure.

A grid component for use with a vacuum electron device (VED), such as an inductive output tube (IOT), includes a skirt that adds structural support and aids in alignment. The grid component has a dome in which a grid pattern is formed and includes an annular, concentric flange surrounding the dome. The skirt is formed concentrically around the flange. Alignment orifices may be provided in the flange for passage of alignment pins in the assembled product. The grid, flange, and skirt are a unitary component and are formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or similar process, in which a mandrel is used to provide a deposition surface. The mandrel is placed in a furnace, and a high-temperature CVD process is used to break down a hydrocarbon gas to thereby deposit a pyrolytic graphite coating onto the mandrel. The mandrel may include a skirt template to provide the characteristic skirt.

An inductive output tube (IOT) operates in a frequency range above 1000 MHz. An output window may be provided to separate a vacuum portion of the IOT from an atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT, the output window being surrounded by a cooling air manifold, the manifold including an air input port and a plurality of apertures permitting cooling air to move from the port, through the manifold and into the atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT. The output cavity may include a liquid coolant input port; a lower circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the liquid coolant input port; a vertical coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the lower circular coolant channel; an upper circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the vertical coolant channel; and a liquid coolant exhaust port coupled to receive liquid coolant from the upper circular coolant channel.

An electron gun for generating an electron beam is provided, which includes a secondary emitter. The secondary emitter includes a non-contaminating negative-electron-affinity (NEA) material and emitting surface. The gun includes an accelerating region which accelerates the secondaries from the emitting surface. The secondaries are emitted in response to a primary beam generated external to the accelerating region. The accelerating region may include a superconducting radio frequency (RF) cavity, and the gun may be operated in a continuous wave (CW) mode. The secondary emitter includes hydrogenated diamond. A uniform electrically conductive layer is superposed on the emitter to replenish the extracted current, preventing charging of the emitter. An encapsulated secondary emission enhanced cathode device, useful in a superconducting RF cavity, includes a housing for maintaining vacuum, a cathode, e.g., a photocathode, and the non-contaminating NEA secondary emitter with the uniform electrically conductive layer superposed thereon.

The invention discloses a reflection enhanced gyrotron, and belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave devices. The reflection enhanced gyrotron is mainly characterized in that an electromagnetic wave reflector is arranged on the inner side or the outer side of an output window of the gyrotron so as to reflect part of electromagnetic waves output by the gyrotron back into the gyrotron body,that is, a feedback process is introduced, so that the beam-wave effect of the whole gyrotron in a working mode is enhanced, the requirement for overcoming mode competition is reduced, and the gyrotron can more easily achieve single-mode work in a specified mode. In addition, a special-shaped quasi-optical mode converter is further arranged, so that the peripheral electromagnetic beams deviate from the original direction and turn over in the gyrotron, and the beam-wave interaction is further enhanced.

An inductive output tube includes a capacitative tuner in the form of a plunger which is moveable inside the integral output cavity of the inductive output tube so as to vary the capacitance between an input and output drift tube and hence the resonant frequency of the output stage. The tuning plunger is moveable by protruding through a wall of the vacuum envelope of the output cavity, so as to allow the capacitance to be changed by operation of the tuning plunger by manual or automatic means from outside the cavity.

The disclosure relates to a radiofrequency generator including an Inductive Output Tube with an electron gun followed by an anode, the gun being raised to a high voltage in use, means producing an input radiofrequency signal and means of transmitting it to said IOT such that it provides an output signal whose power is amplified compared to said input signal, wherein said means producing said input radiofrequency signal, said means transmitting it to said IOT and said gun are confined in an electrostatically screened enclosure that is electrically isolated from the potential of the anode and can be raised to a high voltage, said gun receiving its high voltage from said screened enclosure. The invention is applicable to very high power radiofrequency generators.

In a multistage collector used in a linear beam tube such as an IOT or klystron, electrode stages are separated by ceramic rings having metallised surfaces to provide distributed bypass capacitors. This eliminates or reduces leakage or any radio frequency energy from the interior of the collector to the outside.

An electron beam tube device such as an inductive output tube of the integral cavity type has a RF window which re-enters the interaction space within the cavity thereby defining a space that is within the interaction cavity but is outside the vacuum. An output coupler in the form of an output coupling loop protrudes into this space and thus couples with the electromagnetic field within the interaction space, whilst remaining outside the vacuum envelope. This allows the coupling loop to be adjusted without any additional seal arrangement between the coupling loop and walls of the output cavity.

An electron beam tube (17) having a longitudinal axis comprises a first component, such as a ceramic wall (5) and a second component such as a drift tube assembly having a mounting plate (3). The tube further comprises means, such as member (18), arranged to allow relative sliding movement of the first component relative to the second component in a radial direction. The invention helps to alleviate mechanical stresses caused by differential thermal expansion of the components.

An inductive output tube (IOT) operates in a frequency range above 1000 MHz. An output window may be provided to separate a vacuum portion of the IOT from an atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT, the output window being surrounded by a cooling air manifold, the manifold including an air input port and a plurality of apertures permitting cooling air to move from the port, through the manifold and into the atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT. The output cavity may include a liquid coolant input port; a lower circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the liquid coolant input port; a vertical coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the lower circular coolant channel; an upper circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the vertical coolant channel; and a liquid coolant exhaust port coupled to receive liquid coolant from the upper circular coolant channel.

An amplifier including an electronic tube with an axial electron beam, provided with a cathode and at least two collectors, and at least two sources of DC voltage. Each collector is connected to a DC voltage source having a potential difference such that, the further the collector is from the cathode, the lower the potential difference between this collector and the cathode. The DC voltage sources are connected together at a common point situated at the collector whose potential difference with the cathode is the lower but not zero.

An active electronically steered cathode (AESC) applies one or more electromagnetic modes to an input cavity, similar to that used in an inductive output tube. The structure and superposition of these modes creates local electric field maxima, causing the electron emission site or sites to move or be distributed across the surface of the cathode. Changing the amplitude, phase, or frequency of the modes provides time-variable control of the electric field profile, thereby generating electronically steered electron beams. One embodiment employs a pair of orthogonal TM modes driven out of phase, causing the electric field maximum to rotate around an annular cathode, producing a helical beam. Slots in the control grid may be used to segment the helical beam into discrete bunches to provide additional density modulation.

In an electron beam tube arrangement, such as an IOT amplifier, an input cavity surrounds an electron gun. The cavity includes parts which are at high and low relative electrical potentials. These are separated by RF chokes to provide dc isolation whilst acting as a short circuit to high frequency radiation coupled into the cavity. The arrangement also includes a bypass capacitor located behind the electron gun which short circuits stray or leakage radiation to prevent deterioration of the amplified signal. The bypass capacitor presents a distributed capacitance of low inductance. In one embodiment, the RF choke and bypass capacitor include insulating material defined by a common member on which metallization layers are deposited.

An electron gun arrangement includes a cathode having a front surface and control grid located in front of it. The control grid is mounted via a cylindrical support on a Kovar mount. The cathode is supported by a cylindrical support mounted on a Kovar support. Ceramic material being located between the two supports. The vacuum envelope within which the electron gun is contained includes the Kovar support and a flexible member with which it makes a vacuum seal, this member being of copper. The copper member is sealed to a ceramic cylinder via metal flanges. The assembly permits the spacing between the cathode and grid to be maintained while the copper member permits thermal expansion to occur to maintain vacuum integrity.

A device is proposed for producing high-frequency microwaves, having a cathode arrangement with heatable cathodes for emitting electrons, two grating arrangements for controlling and focusing the electrons flow and an anode for recaiving the electrons passing through the grating arrangements. The cathode arrangement and the first grating arrangement and also a blocking or choke element define an output cavity forming a resonance cavity and the anode and the second grating arrangement define an output cavity likeeise forming a resonance cavity. The cathode arrangement has a monuting for the cathode such that deformation of the cathode with reduction of the spacing between the heatable cathode and grating is avoided.

An inductive output tube (IOT) operates in a frequency range above 1000 MHz. An output window may be provided to separate a vacuum portion of the IOT from an atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT, the output window being surrounded by a cooling air manifold, the manifold including an air input port and a plurality of apertures permitting cooling air to move from the port, through the manifold and into the atmospheric pressure portion of the IOT. The output cavity may include a liquid coolant input port; a lower circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the liquid coolant input port; a vertical coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the lower circular coolant channel; an upper circular coolant channel coupled to receive liquid coolant from the vertical coolant channel; and a liquid coolant exhaust port coupled to receive liquid coolant from the upper circular coolant channel.

An electron beam tube (17) having a longitudinal axis comprises a first component, such as a ceramic wall (5) and a second component such as a drift tube assembly having a mounting plate (3). The tube further comprises means, such as member (18), arranged to allow relative sliding movement of the first component relative to the second component in a radial direction. The invention helps to alleviate mechanical stresses caused by differential thermal expansion of the components.

A resonant cavity with a bowtie shape supports an electromagnetic field used to deflect the trajectory of an electron beam passing through the cavity. The short transit time of the beam across the gap maintains the cavity fields at near-optimal phase, improving interaction efficiency even for relatively low-energy beams. High interaction impedance ensures good drive-power-to-deflection conversion efficiency. The uniform field achieved across the gap enforces uniform deflection across the beam profile to maintain beam quality. Multiple bowtie cavities can be arranged to allow arbitrary two-dimensional deflections.

An electron beam tube device has a magnetic frame with the top part being pivotable so as to pivot from a closed position in which the top part, including an electromagnetic coil covers the electron beam tube to an open position in which the electron beam tube is uncovered. This allows electron beam tubes with either large parts or integral parts such as output feeders to be removed from the magnetic frame without complete removal of the top plate.

A multibeam-inductive-output-tube amplifier comprises an output cavity and a plurality of electron guns each intended to emit an electron beam through the output cavity, each electron gun comprising a cathode intended to emit the electron beam and a gate allowing the density of the electron beam to be modulated. The amplifier comprises, associated with each gun, a DC voltage supply, each of the supplies connected to the gate of the corresponding electron gun so as to bias the gate. The voltage of at least one of the supplies is adjustable so as to balance the density of the various electron beams.

A microwave oven includes a microwave generating device having a cathode and a first grid. The first grid has holes to convert electrons from the cathode into electron beams, and a metal film to reduce the emission of secondary electrons from the first grid. The microwave generating device also includes a resistor for generating an offset voltage on the first grid, a second grid with holes, an anode for receiving electrons passing through the holes of the second grid, and a A drive voltage source that provides drive voltages to the cathode and anode. There are multiple protrusions on the anode to reduce the emission of secondary electrons from the anode.

An electron beam tube device such as an inductive output tube of the integral cavity type has a RF window which re-enters the interaction space within the cavity thereby defining a space that is within the interaction cavity but is outside the vacuum. An output coupler in the form of an output coupling loop protrudes into this space and thus couples with the electromagnetic field within the interaction space, whilst remaining outside the vacuum envelope. This allows the coupling loop to be adjusted without any additional seal arrangement between the coupling loop and walls of the output cavity.

The invention relates to a control grid for an electron tube. The grid has first bars that are evenly spaced out on a skewed surface and extend substantially as circle involutes about a central hub. This construction limits the bars used which make little contribution to the control of the electron beam, along with still allowing effective heat conduction through the grid.

The invention provides an induction output tube with a double-gap input cavity. The induction output tube comprises an input system, an output cavity and a collecting electrode, wherein the input system is provided with a double-gap input cavity and is used for utilizing microwaves input by the outside to perform density modulation on electron beams; the output cavity is fixedly connected to the rear end of the input system, the electron beams after the density modulation perform energy exchange in the output cavity, generated high-frequency energy is output to the outside; and the collecting electrode is fixedly connected to the rear end of the output cavity and used for collecting remaining electrons after energy exchange. Due to the fact that the induction output tube is provided with two input gaps, modulation can be performed on the electron beams twice, the modulation depth is increased, and power, gain and bandwidth of the induction output tube are improved.

A radio frequency (RF) modulating signal splitter used by a multi-beam electron beam RF amplification system includes an RF input port and a plurality of RF output ports. A body frame distributes the RF modulating signal from the input port to the of output ports. The body frame and each one of the RF output ports have dimensions so that each one of the plurality of RF output ports is impedance matched with each other. In a method of modulating a RF input signal onto a plurality of electron beams, the RF input signal is split into a plurality of different paths directed to a plurality of output ports that are impedance matched to each other. RF energy is directed from each output port to a different input cavity of electronic beam RF amplification devices of a multi-beam electronic beam RF amplification system.

The invention provides a double frequency induction output pipe. The double frequency induction output pipe comprises an input system, a double frequency output chamber and an electron collector; the input system comprises an input chamber and is used for performing density modulation on electron beams through outside input microwaves; the resonant frequency of the double frequency output chamber is n times of the working efficiency of the input chamber; the energy exchange of the electron beams is produced in the double frequency output chamber after the density modulation and the produced high frequency energy is output to the outside; the electron collector is used for collecting remaining electrons after the energy exchange. According to the double frequency induction output pipe, the resonant frequency of the double frequency output chamber is n times of the working efficiency of the input chamber and accordingly the frequency selection is achieved through the selection of the resonant frequency of the double frequency output chamber and high frequency bands of high frequency microwaves can be obtained when low frequency bands of microwave signals are input.

The invention discloses a reflection-enhanced gyrotron, which belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave devices. It mainly uses an electromagnetic wave reflector on the inside or outside of the output window of the gyrotron to reflect a part of the electromagnetic wave output by the gyrotron back to the inside of the tube body. , that is, a feedback process is introduced to enhance the beam effect of the entire gyrotron in the working mode, thereby reducing the requirement to overcome mode competition, making it easier for the gyrotron to achieve single-mode operation in a specified mode. In addition, the present invention also sets a special-shaped quasi-optical mode converter, so that the peripheral electromagnetic beam deviates from the original direction and turns over inside the gyrotron, thereby further enhancing the beam-wave interaction.

An electron beam tube device has a magnetic frame with the top part being pivotable so as to pivot from a closed position in which the top part, including an electromagnetic coil covers the electron beam tube to an open position in which the electron beam tube is uncovered. This allows electron beam tubes with either large parts or integral parts such as output feeders to be removed from the magnetic frame without complete removal of the top plate.

An active electronically steered cathode (AESC) applies one or more electromagnetic modes to an input cavity, similar to that used in an inductive output tube. The structure and superposition of these modes creates local electric field maxima, causing the electron emission site or sites to move or be distributed across the surface of the cathode. Changing the amplitude, phase, or frequency of the modes provides time-variable control of the electric field profile, thereby generating electronically steered electron beams. One embodiment employs a pair of orthogonal TM modes driven out of phase, causing the electric field maximum to rotate around an annular cathode, producing a helical beam. Slots in the control grid may be used to segment the helical beam into discrete bunches to provide additional density modulation.