The invention discloses an edge cutting device for paperboard processing and a using method of the edge cutting device, and relates to the technical field of paperboard processing. The edge cutting device aims to solve the problem of multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment of a blade. The device comprises a bottom plate, a cutting assembly, a clearing assembly, a feeding assembly and a pressing assembly, wherein the cutting assembly comprises a supporting frame and a first motor. The using method of the device comprises the following steps of fixing the position, placing a paperboard, adjusting theblade, carrying out edge cutting in a pressing mode, carrying out fine adjusting on a hand wheel, recovering waste materials and carrying out discharging after completion of edge cutting. According to the edge cutting device for paperboard processing and the using method of the edge cutting device, by arranging the cutting assembly, firstly, front-and-back movement of the blade can be achieved, secondly, up-and-down movement of the blade can be achieved, thirdly, left-and-right movement of the blade can be achieved, to sum up, according to the three effects, multi-degree-of-freedom adjustmentof the blade can be achieved, and adaptive adjustment can be carried out according to different edge cutting requirements; and meanwhile, adjusting driving force is provided by the first motor, second motors and a third motor, and manual adjustment and control can be replaced, so that accurate positioning of the blade is achieved.