The invention discloses a multifunctional novel microwave digestion instrument, and relates to the technical field of digestion instruments. The digestion instrument comprises a digestion instrument body, a microwave cavity, a filter box and a placement table, the microwave cavity is formed in the digestion instrument body, a horizontal partition plate is arranged in the microwave cavity, a motor is installed between the lower surface of the horizontal partition plate and the inner bottom surface of the microwave cavity, a transmission shaft is installed on the upper surface of the motor, a rotating disc is installed at one end of the transmission shaft, the placement table is mounted on the upper surface of the rotating disc, and a filter box is mounted on one surface of the digestion instrument body. Through the structure of a pressure relief device, a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, pressure relief operation is automatically completed, bursting caused by too large pressure in a digestion pipe is avoided, through the structure of the filter box and an activated carbon adsorption layer, a gas exhausted from the digestion pipe is conveniently adsorbed and filtered, harmful substances and peculiar smells are removed, accumulation in the microwave cavity is avoided, the pollution to the working environment is avoided too, and the safety of equipment is improved.