The invention relates to a novel paper reinforcement plant-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material consists of plants, paper, bonding agents and polyurethane. The reinforcement method is characterized in that a paper reinforcement inner layer is introduced based on the reinforcement of the surface layer of polyurethane, paper reinforcement raw materials are easily available, waste resources can be recycled, the intensity of the composite material is improved effectively, the hygroscopicity is lowered, and the water resistance is intensified, so that the composite material is ordered in structure and universal in formation. By the preparation method of the composite material provided by the invention, raw materials are simple to treat, and dewaxing and washing are not needed; cellulose is not required to be separated individually, and thus a separation step is omitted; the diffusion of dust in an environment is reduced, and thus the health of operators in the field is protected; the preparation method is high in adaptability and easy to implement. The composite material provided by the invention has wide application, and can replace wood and plastics for manufacturing furniture, toys, containers, automobile decorative parts, daily necessities and the like.