The invention provides a bidirectional moving inertia pipeline robot. At present, due to the structure, most pipeline robots can not work bidirectionally in high pressure, flammable and explosive, corrosive and other severe environments. The bidirectional moving inertia pipeline robot mainly comprises a shell and an inertia excitation mechanism. The inertia excitation mechanism comprises a rotation power source, three non-circular gear connected in series and two identical eccentric mechanisms, and the inertia excitation mechanism is arranged inside the robot shell. The two eccentric mechanisms are transmitted through a pair of synchronous cylindrical gears, revolving shafts of the two non-circular gears are connected with revolving shafts of the synchronous cylindrical gears respectivelythrough two overrun clutches, and the work directions of the two overrun clutches are opposite. The inertia pipeline robot moves through the mutual action of interior inertia and environment frictionforce, the defect that movable sealing must be arranged between a traditional power source and main driving feet can be overcome fundamentally by means of the driving mode, and the bidirectional moving inertia pipeline robot is suitable for small, high pressure, corrosive, flammable, high temperature and other extreme severe pipeline work environments.