The present invention differs from the prior art in that the present invention provides one or a network of passive or active
radio frequency identification (RFID) transceivers and antenna elements in different numbers, in various network sizes, in different configurations and on various substrates. The RFID
transceiver can be co-located with standard
semiconductor devices, for cost-effective
circuit design and non-destructive fabrication test and analysis of integrated circuits and printed circuit boards after fabrication, and to locate, track and identify the
integrated circuit, printed circuit boards and products in which they are implemented. The RFID transceivers can be coupled to substrates containing matter in gas, liquid, or
solid form, such as medical devices like breast implants, for effective monitoring of the substrates to ensure that the substrate is in an unaltered state and the matter is still contained securely within. The RFID transceivers can be coupled to secure tapes of various lengths and widths and mesh bags or sheets of various sizes and they can be applied at the
carton-level using them to locate, track and identify the
integrated circuit, printed circuit boards and products in which they are implemented and / or the cartons in which they were placed.