The invention relates to a zinc alloy bar extruding process designing and optimizing method, which comprises the steps of: obtaining a true-stress and true-strain curve of a zinc alloy by adopting a high-temperature compression and high-temperature tension test; establishing a constitutive equation and an operation drawing of the zinc alloy, carrying out microstructure analysis, researching a thermal deformational behavior, selecting a deformation condition suitable for processing; carrying out finite element numerical simulation, establishing an extrusion forming limit drawing, optimizing an extrusion process window, carrying out thermal extrusion to obtain a zinc alloy bar; and establishing an extrusion test data base, and predicting a relationship between the extrusion process and surface cracking, quality and performance of the extrusion bar by adopting a neutral network. The invention can realize optimal matching of all parameters in a process of extruding the zinc alloy bar, accurate control on the extruding process, and integration of process design, optimization and performance control. The prepared zinc alloy bar has the characteristics of better surface quality, fine and uniform textures, high performance, high pass percent and high production efficiency, is suitable for massive production, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.