The invention relates to an improvement of apparatus in aluminium electrolytic industry, specially relate to a large-sized lining structure for prebaking aluminium electrolysis. The inventive lining structure has, on the bottom of electrolytic cell housing, from the bottom up, in order, asbestos plate layer, heat-insulating layer made of calcium silicate plate with heat-resisting, heat-insulating layer made of both layers light-weight bricks, impermeable layer made of one layer alumina, impermeable layer made of both layers firebricks, half-graphite-rod-cathode complex TiB2 coating, with the leteral of allotypic lateral mass. The advantages of the invention are that: (1) the structure has higher heat conductivity, lower electrical resistivity and low dilatability of electrolytic sodium, and current distribution in cathodic charcoal is more uniform; (2) impermeable layer is especially advantageous for prolonging the life of electrolytic cell; (3) allotypic lateral mass has higher thermal conductivity and lower electrical resistivity, in particular, prolonging the the life of electrolytic cell. The large-sized lining structure for prebaking aluminium electrolysis of more than 200kA is used in the invention.