The invention discloses an ultra-long range 100km decentralized optical fiber Rayleigh and Raman scattering sensor. The sensor comprises an optical fiber pulse laser, an integrated optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer, an optical fiber narrow band reflection filter, an optical fiber shunt, an optical fiber Raman sensor, a 100km sensing optical fiber, a photoelectric receiving module, a digital signal processor and an industrial personal computer. The sensor adopts a decentralized optical fiber Raman amplifier, which amplifies a backward Rayleigh scattering signal generated by detection laser in a sensing optical fiber and having strain information, amplifies a backward anti-Stokes scattering signal with temperature information, improves the signal to noise ratio of a sensor system, increases the measuring length of the sensor, improves the reliability and the space resolution of the sensor and can measure the deformation, the cracks and the temperature of a field while measuring the field temperature, and the deformation, the cracks and the temperature are not uncrossed. The sensor has the characteristics of low cost, long service life, simple structure, good signal to noise ratio and the like, and is applicable to petrochemical pipe monitoring, tunnel monitoring, large civil engineering monitoring and hazard forecast monitoring in a range of ultra-long range 100km.