The invention discloses a synchronous calibration device and method for strain and a temperature of a distributed sensor 
fiber (cable). The synchronous calibration method comprises the following stepsof uniformly winding fibers (cables) to be calibrated around an outer wall of a calibration 
barrel during calibrating a strain coefficient, gradually adding weights, calculating 
hoop strain of the calibration 
barrel under different loads according to 
elastic modulus of the calibration 
barrel and poisson ratio, reading spectrum information under each level of load by a 
fiber data demodulator, building a relation between the 
hoop strain and the spectrum information, and calibrating the strain coefficient; achieving control on a temperature of the calibration barrel by a 
temperature control boxduring calibrating a 
temperature coefficient, acquiring the spectrum information under different temperatures by the demodulator, and calibrating the 
temperature coefficient. By the synchronous calibration method, the strain coefficient and the 
temperature coefficient can be independently or synchronous calibrated, the strain generated by an external force effect and the influence of environmentaltemperature change on the spectrum information can be simultaneously determined, the 
cross effect between the strain and the influence is analyzed, and a calibration effect has high accuracy and is more confirm to an actual application condition.