The invention provides a heat exchange cooling water system which comprises a cooling water storage tank, a heat exchanger, a circulation water pump and a water cooling unit. The cooling water storage tank is connected with the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is connected with the circulation water pump which is connected with the water cooling unit, the water cooling unit is further connected with the cooling water storage tank, and therefore a closed circulation system is formed. According to the heat exchange cooling water system, the defects that cooling water in an existing open type cooling system is likely to be contaminated, and normal equipment running is affected are overcome. Furthermore, temperature collection is conducted on cooling water at a water outlet of the circulation water pump through a temperature sensor, a temperature value is converted into an electric signal to be transmitted to an electric three-way regulating valve, afterwards, the electric three-way regulating valve is used for controlling the water return flow of high-temperature cooling water entering the circulation water pump, the temperature of cooling water before the cooling water enters the water cooling unit is increased or decreased through the volume of the returned high-temperature cooling water, and therefore the temperature of the cooling water can meet the standard-state requirement.